ArticleBMJ health & care informatics2024
Building a house without foundations? A 24-country qualitative interview study on artificial intelligence in intensive care medicine.
Article in BMJ health & care informatics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart Cardiac ICU: Digital Integration, Predictive Analytics, and Perioperative Inflammation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Programmes for pathology: improving health outcomes for low- and middle-income countries in the artificial intelligence paradigm.International health · 2025Article
- Insights Into the Current and Future State of AI Adoption Within Health Systems in Southeast Asia: Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Data's big three: how learning health systems, artificial intelligence and predictive analytics are transforming healthcare.BMJ health & care informatics · 2025Article
- Role of Artificial Intelligence in Congenital Heart Disease and Interventions.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2025Review
- Preparing hospitals and health organizations for AI: practical guidelines for the required infrastructure.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo explore the views of intensive care professionals in high-income countries (HICs) and lower-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) regarding the use and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in intensive care units (ICUs).
methodsIndividual semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted between December 2021 and August 2022 with 59 intensive care professionals from 24 countries. Transcripts were analysed using conventional content analysis.
resultsParticipants had generally positive views about the potential use of AI in ICUs but also reported some well-known concerns about the use of AI in clinical practice and important technical and non-technical barriers to the implementation of AI. Important differences existed between ICUs regarding their current readiness to implement AI. However, these differences were not primarily between HICs and LMICs, but between a small number of ICUs in large tertiary hospitals in HICs, which were reported to have the necessary digital infrastructure for AI, and nearly all other ICUs in both HICs and LMICs, which were reported to neither have the technical capability to capture the necessary data or use AI, nor the staff with the right knowledge and skills to use the technology.
conclusionPouring massive amounts of resources into developing AI without first building the necessary digital infrastructure foundation needed for AI is unethical. Real-world implementation and routine use of AI in the vast majority of ICUs in both HICs and LMICs included in our study is unlikely to occur any time soon. ICUs should not be using AI until certain preconditions are met.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.