ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2024
Disrupting B and T-cell collaboration in autoimmune disease: T-cell engagers versus CAR T-cell therapy?
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system: a systematic literature review.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- SM03, a non-depleting anti-CD22 antibody, modulates B cell activation and immune crosstalk to attenuate autoimmunity.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Next-generation immune cell engagers for B cell depletion in autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- A bispecific CD3×CD19 antibody for systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- [XVIII Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: Review of the New Developments Presented at the 2025 ECTRIMS Congress (Part II)].Revista de neurologia · 2026Article
- Potential new targets for rheumatic diseases.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Review
- B Cells or T Cells in the Development and Sustenance of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Who is the Potential Contributor?Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Review
- Review
- Can we cure autoimmunity?Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- CD40L and IL-4 lymph node-associated signals protect B cells from rituximab-induced ADCC via KIR and NKG2A.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- T-cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Advances of Anti-Inflammatory Biologics in Immune-Mediated Glomerulonephritis: A Narrative Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- From inflammatory initiation to fibrotic remodeling: mechanisms and precision therapeutic strategies in otorhinolaryngologic involvement of IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Next-generation T cell engagers for cancer and autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bispecific and multispecific T-cell engagers: advancing the future of immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in neuroimmune diseases: mechanistic rationale, clinical experience, and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR-T cells targeting CD19 for the treatment of ANCA vasculitis.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Chemokine-receptor-guided B-cell immunity in cardiovascular disease.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Review
- Editorial-Immune reset in sight: CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune disease.EULAR rheumatology open · 2025Article
- Defining immune reset: achieving sustained remission in autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
B and T cells collaborate to drive autoimmune disease (AID). Historically, B- and T-cell (B-T cell) co-interaction was targeted through different pathways such as alemtuzumab, abatacept, and dapirolizumab with variable impact on B-cell depletion (BCD), whereas the majority of patients with AID including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and organ transplantation benefit from targeted BCD with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, or ofatumumab. Refractory AID is a significant problem for patients with incomplete BCD with a greater frequency of IgD-CD27+ switched memory B cells, CD19+CD20- B cells, and plasma cells that are not directly targeted by anti-CD20 antibodies, whereas most lymphoid tissue plasma cells express CD19. Furthermore, B-T-cell collaboration is predominant in lymphoid tissues and at sites of inflammation such as the joint and kidney, where BCD may be inefficient, due to limited access to key effector cells. In the treatment of cancer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and T-cell engagers (TCE) that recruit T cells to induce B-cell cytotoxicity have delivered promising results for anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapies, the CD19 TCE blinatumomab and CD20 TCE such as mosunetuzumab, glofitamab, or epcoritamab. Limited evidence suggests that anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy may be effective in managing refractory AID whereas we await evaluation of TCE for use in non-oncological indications. Therefore, here, we discuss the potential mechanistic advantages of novel therapies that rely on T cells as effector cells to disrupt B-T-cell collaboration toward overcoming rituximab-resistant AID.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.