ArticleThe Science of the total environment2024
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), perceived stress, and depressive symptoms in a prospective cohort study of black women.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl exposures and postpartum psychological symptoms: Evidence from two population-based pregnancy cohorts.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Psychosocial distress among individuals residing in a rural PFAS-contaminated community.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- A prospective study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), stress, and birth size in a cohort of U.S. Black women.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Gestational PFAS concentrations in association with maternal depression and perceived stress during pregnancy and postpartum in the ECHO cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- An interpretable machine learning model predicts the interactive and cumulative risks of different environmental chemical exposures on depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex specificity in associations between exposure to a mixture of per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and anxiety among US adults.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- The Combined Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Metals, and Behavioral and Social Factors on Depressive Symptoms.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A prospective study of a whole blood metal mixture and depressive symptoms among Black women from Detroit, Michigan.Neurotoxicology · 2025Article
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13 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals with neurotoxic properties. PFAS have been associated with depressive symptoms among women in some studies, but little research has evaluated the effects of PFAS mixtures. Further, no study has investigated interactions of PFAS-depression associations by perceived stress, which has been shown to modify the effects of PFAS on other health outcomes.
objectiveIn a prospective cohort study of reproductive-aged Black women, we investigated associations between PFAS and depressive symptoms and the extent to which perceived stress modified these associations.
methodsWe analyzed data from 1499 participants (23-35 years) in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids. We quantified concentrations of nine PFAS in baseline plasma samples using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Participants reported perceived stress via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4; range = 0-16) at baseline and depressive symptoms via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; range = 0-44) at the 20-month follow-up visit. We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to estimate associations between PFAS concentrations, individually and as a mixture, and depressive symptoms, and to assess effect modification by PSS-4 scores, adjusting for confounders.
resultsBaseline perfluorodecanoic acid concentrations were associated with greater depressive symptoms at the 20-month follow-up, but associations for other PFAS were null. The PFAS were not associated with depressive symptoms when evaluated as a mixture. The association between the 90th percentile (vs. 50th percentile) of the PFAS mixture with CES-D scores was null at the 10th (β = 0.03; 95 % CrI = 0.20, 0.25), 50th (β = 0.02; 95 % CrI = -0.16, 0.19), and 90th (β = 0.01; 95 % CrI = 0.18, 0.20) percentiles of PSS-4 scores, suggesting perceived stress did not modify the PFAS mixture.
conclusionIn this prospective cohort study, PFAS concentrations-assessed individually or as a mixture-were not appreciably associated with depressive symptoms, and there was no evidence of effect modification by perceived stress.
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