Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38642615›Full record

ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2024

Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [

Michael B VanElzakker, Hannah F Bues, Ludovica Brusaferri, Minhae Kim, Deena Saadi, Eva-Maria Ratai, Darin D Dougherty, Marco L Loggia

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06992401 (An Observational Study Collecting Real-World Data on Intranasal IVIG Treatment in Long COVID-19 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), which is not on this map. Cited by 48 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed
19.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06992401 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

An Observational Study Collecting Real-World Data on Intranasal IVIG Treatment in Long COVID-19 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Patients With Immunodeficiency Engaged in International Medical Tourism

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorTamara C TamasRan2026 to 2029Enrolled50ConditionsPost-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Long COVID, Long COVID Fatigue, Long COVID Syndrome
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Human brain matters: Navigating the neuropathology of COVID-19.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
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  17. Mechanisms of sex differences in acute and long COVID sequelae in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Neuroimmune pathophysiology of long COVID.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Michael B VanElzakkerDivision of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; PolyBio Research Foundation, Medford, MA, USA. Electronic address: mvanelzakker@mgh.harvard.edu.
Hannah F BuesDivision of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ludovica BrusaferriDepartment of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Computer Science And Informatics, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK.
Minhae KimDepartment of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Deena SaadiDivision of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Eva-Maria RataiDepartment of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Darin D DoughertyDivision of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Marco L LoggiaDepartment of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Harvard University · US

Funding

Imaging neuroglial mechanisms of neuropathic pain-opioid interaction in HIVR01DA047088 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LOGGIA, MARCO LUCIANO, RATAI, EVA-MARIA · 2018 to 2022
$4.3M
A Storage Area Network for Structural and Functional Image AnalysisS10RR023401 · NCRR · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FISCHL, BRUCE · 2009 to 2009
$2.0M
SILICON GRAPHICS PRISM EXTREME 128P/1TBS10RR023043 · NCRR · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SORENSEN, ALMA GREGORY · 2006 to 2006
$1.5M
Computeserver Structural &Functional Image AnalysisS10RR019307 · NCRR · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FISCHL, BRUCE · 2004 to 2004
$496k
Glial activation and metabolite contributions to 'brain fog' post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)R21NS130283 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VANELZAKKER, MICHAEL B · 2023 to 2024
$459k
NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR019307NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR023043NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR023401NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA047088NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS130283
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has triggered a consequential public health crisis of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), sometimes referred to as long COVID. The mechanisms of the heterogeneous persistent symptoms and signs that comprise PASC are under investigation, and several studies have pointed to the central nervous and vascular systems as being potential sites of dysfunction. In the current study, we recruited individuals with PASC with diverse symptoms, and examined the relationship between neuroinflammation and circulating markers of vascular dysfunction. We used [

Indexed as

BrainCOVID-19Neuroinflammatory DiseasesPositron-Emission TomographySARS-CoV-2AdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromePyridinesPyrimidinesVascular Diseases(methyl-(11)C)N-acetyl-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxy-5-pyridinaminePyridinesPyrimidinesBrain inflammationCardiovascularCOVID-19FibrinogenGliaLong COVID pathogenesisMicrogliaNeuroimagingPositron emission tomography

Identifiers

PMID38642615
PMCPMC11225883
OpenAlexW4394913458

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.