ReviewJournal of medical ultrasonics (2001)2024
Prospects of perfusion contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CE-US) in diagnosing axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer: a comparison with lymphatic CE-US.
Review in Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- AlEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Predicts Surgical Margin Positivity in Patients With Breast Cancer Who Underwent Partial Mastectomy.World journal of surgery · 2025Article
- New progress in imaging diagnosis and immunotherapy of breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Long-lasting microbubble-enhanced super-resolution ultrasound imaging unveils lymphatic activity in lymph node.Theranostics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of lymph node (LN) metastasis is vital for prognosis and treatment in patients with breast cancer. Imaging 1modalities such as ultrasound (US), MRI, CT, and 18F-FDG PET/CT are used for preoperative assessment. While conventional US is commonly recommended due to its resolution and sensitivity, it has limitations such as operator subjectivity and difficulty detecting small metastases. This review shows the microanatomy of axillary LNs to enhance accurate diagnosis and the characteristics of contrast-enhanced US (CE-US), which utilizes intravascular microbubble contrast agents, making it ideal for vascular imaging. A significant focus of this review is on distinguishing between two types of CE-US techniques for axillary LN evaluation: perfusion CE-US and lymphatic CE-US. Perfusion CE-US is used to assess LN metastasis via transvenous contrast agent administration, while lymphatic CE-US is used to identify sentinel LNs and diagnose LN metastasis through percutaneous contrast agent administration. This review also highlights the need for future research to clarify the distinction between studies involving "apparently enlarged LNs" and "clinical node-negative" cases in perfusion CE-US research. Such research standardization is essential to ensure accurate diagnostic performance in various clinical studies. Future studies should aim to standardize CE-US methods for improved LN metastasis diagnosis, not only in breast cancer but also across various malignancies.
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Registered trials
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