ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2024
Prospective Role of PAK6 and 14-3-3γ as Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- CCL2 and PAK6 as Candidate Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: An Integrated Machine Learning and Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- A Reproducibility Focused Meta-Analysis Method for Single-Cell Transcriptomic Case-Control Studies Uncovers Robust Differentially Expressed Genes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease onset in a mouse model: effects of cannabidiol treatment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- PAK6 rescues pathogenic LRRK2-mediated ciliogenesis and centrosomal cohesion defects in a mutation-specific manner.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly distinguished by sporadic etiology, although a genetic component is also well established. Variants in the LRRK2 gene are associated with both familiar and sporadic disease. We have previously shown that PAK6 and 14-3-3γ protein interact with and regulate the activity of LRRK2. Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify PAK6 and 14-3-3γ in plasma as reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of both sporadic and LRRK2-linked Parkinson's disease. Methods: After an initial quantification of PAK6 and 14-3-3γ expression by means of Western blot in post-mortem human brains, we verified the presence of the two proteins in plasma by using quantitative ELISA tests. We analyzed samples obtained from 39 healthy subjects, 40 patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease, 50 LRRK2-G2019S non-manifesting carriers and 31 patients with LRRK2-G2019S Parkinson's disease. Results: The amount of PAK6 and 14-3-3γ is significantly different in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, the amount of PAK6 also varies with the presence of the G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene. Although the generalized linear models show a low association between the presence of Parkinson's disease and PAK6, the kinase could be added in a broader panel of biomarkers for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Conclusions: Changes of PAK6 and 14-3-3γ amount in plasma represent a shared readout for patients affected by sporadic and LRRK2-linked Parkinson's disease. Overall, they can contribute to the establishment of an extended panel of biomarkers for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
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