ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2024
Scan-associated anxiety (scanxiety): the enigma of emotional breathing oscillations at 0.32 Hz (19 bpm).
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using ECG-derived respiration for explaining BOLD-fMRI fluctuations during rest and respiratory modulations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The brain-heart axis: integrative cooperation of neural, mechanical and biochemical pathways.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Modulation of amygdala and hippocampus during anxiety by heart and middle frontal gyrus.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
MRI-related anxiety in healthy participants is often characterized by a dominant breathing frequency at around 0.32 Hz (19 breaths per minute, bpm) at the beginning but in a few cases also at the end of scanning. Breathing waves at 19 bpm are also observed in patients with anxiety independently of the scanned body part. In patients with medically intractable epilepsy and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), spontaneous breathing through the nose varied between 0.24 and 0.37 Hz (~19 bpm). Remarkable is the similarity of the observed breathing rates at around 0.32 Hz during different types of anxiety states (e.g., epilepsy, cancer, claustrophobia) with the preferred breathing frequency of 0.32 Hz (19 bpm), which is predicted by the binary hierarchy model of Klimesch. This elevated breathing frequency most likely reflects an emotional processing state, in which energy demands are minimized due to a harmonic coupling ratio with other brain-body oscillations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.