ArticleOphthalmology. Glaucoma
The Impact of Social Vulnerability on Structural and Functional Glaucoma Severity, Worsening, and Variability.
Article in Ophthalmology. Glaucoma. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma among Black and Latinx Populations: Exploring Racial Disparities in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Area Deprivation and Social Vulnerability Are Associated with Pediatric Vision Screening Outcomes in the University of California, Irvine EyeMobile Program.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Generative Artificial Intelligence for Retinal Image Translation to Improve Glaucoma Screening With Deep Learning.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Association Between Greater Social Vulnerability and Delayed Glaucoma Surgery.American journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Big data in visual field testing for glaucoma.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
- The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Structural or Functional Baseline Measurements for Patients Receiving a Trabeculectomy.Ophthalmology. GlaucomaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the associations between social vulnerability index (SVI) and baseline severity, worsening, and variability of glaucoma, as assessed by visual field (VF) and OCT.
designRetrospective longitudinal cohort study.
participantsAdults with glaucoma or glaucoma suspect status in 1 or both eyes. Visual fields were derived from 7897 eyes from 4482 patients, while OCTs were derived from 6271 eyes from 3976 patients. All eyes had a minimum of 5 tests over follow-up using either the Humphrey Field Analyzer or the Cirrus HD-OCT.
methodsSocial vulnerability index, which measures neighborhood-level environmental factors, was linked to patients' addresses at the census tract level. Rates of change in mean deviation (MD) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were computed using linear regression. The slope of the regression line was used to assess worsening, while the standard deviation of residuals was used as a measure of variability. Multivariable linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the impact of SVI on baseline, worsening, and variability in both MD and RNFL. We further explored the interaction effect of mean intraocular pressure (IOP) and SVI on worsening in MD and RNFL.
main outcome measuresGlaucoma severity defined based on baseline MD and RNFL thickness. Worsening defined as MD and RNFL slope. Variability defined as the standard deviation of the residuals obtained from MD and RNFL slopes.
resultsIncreased (worse) SVI was significantly associated with worse baseline MD (β = -1.07 dB, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [-1.54, -0.60]), thicker baseline RNFL (β = 2.46 μm, 95% CI: [0.75, 4.17]), greater rates of RNFL loss (β = -0.12 μm, 95% CI: [-0.23, -0.02]), and greater VF variability (β = 0.16 dB, 95% CI: [0.07, 0.24]). Having worse SVI was associated with worse RNFL loss with increases in IOP (β
conclusionsIncreased SVI score is associated with worse functional (VF) loss at baseline, higher rates of structural (OCT) worsening over time, higher VF variability, and a greater effect of IOP on RNFL loss. Further studies are needed to enhance our understanding of these relationships and establish their cause. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.