Mapping structural and dynamic divergence across the MBOAT family.

Membrane-bound O-acyltransferases (MBOATs) are membrane-embedded enzymes that catalyze acyl chain transfer to a diverse group of substrates, including lipids, small molecules, and proteins. MBOATs share a conserved structural core, despite wide-ranging functional specificity across both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The structural basis of catalytic specificity, regulation and interactions with the surrounding environment remain uncertain. Here, we combine comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with bioinformatics to assess molecular and interactional divergence across the family. In simulations, MBOATs differentially distort the bilayer depending on their substrate type. Additionally, we identify lipid binding sites surrounding reactant gates in the surrounding membrane. Complementary bioinformatic analyses reveal a conserved role for re-entrant loop-2 in MBOAT fold stabilization and a key hydrogen bond bridging DGAT1 dimerization. Finally, we predict differences in MBOAT solvation and water gating properties. These data are pertinent to the design of MBOAT-specific inhibitors that encompass dynamic information within cellular mimetic environments.