ArticleGut microbes
Proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonization by facilitating the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria in the gut microbiome.
Article in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07791849 (Comparative Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Gastric Mucosal Protective Agents on Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Post-Transplantation), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Gastric Mucosal Protective Agents on Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Post-Transplantation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Soil to host environmental determinants fueling horizontal gene transfer and global AMR dissemination.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Antibiotic-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis: risks and strategies for mitigation.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Incidence and factors associated with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection among hospitalized internal medicine patients in Korea: a retrospective observational study.Journal of Korean biological nursing science · 2026Article
- Can machine learning support infection control measures by predicting carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales colonization at admission?Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Recent research progress and clinical status of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- The gut reservoir of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: from dysbiosis and colonization to infection and decolonization, with a focus on patients with hematologic malignancies - a narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The association of proton pump inhibitors and inflammatory bowel disease from the perspective of gut microbiota perturbation.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiome-Based Strategies for the Control of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Review
- Challenges of Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The potential of the microbiome as a target for prevention and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose a global health threat; however, there is still limited understanding of the risk factors and underlying mechanisms of CRE colonization in the gut microbiome. We conducted a matched case-control study involving 282 intensive care unit patients to analyze influencing covariates on CRE colonization. Subsequently, their effects on the gut microbiome were analyzed in a subset of 98 patients (47 CRE carriers and 51 non-CRE carriers) using whole metagenome sequences. The concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antibiotics was a significant risk factor for CRE colonization. The gut microbiome differed according to PPI administration, even within the CRE and non-CRE groups. Moreover, the transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) harboring carbapenem resistance genes (CRGs) between bacteria was higher in the PPI-treated group than in the PPI-not-treated group among CRE carriers. The concomitant use of PPIs and antibiotics significantly alters the gut microbiome and increases the risk of CRE colonization by facilitating the transfer of CRGs among bacteria of the gut microbiome. Based on these findings, improved stewardship of PPIs as well as antibiotics can provide strategies to reduce the risk of CRE colonization, thereby potentially improving patient prognosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.