ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2024
The epidemiology of cryptorchidism and potential risk factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parental age, consanguinity, parity, and mode of delivery among children undergoing orchidopexy for cryptorchidism: a retrospective cohort study from Northern Jordan.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Laparoscopic-to-open orchiectomy for an atrophic undescended testis in an adult: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Orchiopexy and the Risk of Malignancy in Postpubertal Cryptorchid Patients.Andrology · 2026Article
- Can we predict which cryptorchidism will descend? A cohort study in 976 Korean neonates.Investigative and clinical urology · 2026Article
- A Mechanistic Review of Environmental Stressor to Decode Their Effect on Congenital Malformations: A Developmental Toxicity.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Optimizing Care for Undescended Testicles in Children and Adolescents-Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach for Automated Gonad Volume Quantification Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Adolescents Across Puberty.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Yolk sac tumor after post-detorsion changes in a torsed undescended testis: a case report.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Comprehensively exploring the roles of MAGEA1 in cryptorchidism and its related transcription factor regulatory network.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Undiagnosed Undescended Testis in Young Adults in Saudi Arabia: Examination-Based Prevalence, Sociocultural Barriers to Early Care and Public Health Implications.Arab journal of urology · 2026Article
- Genetic, Epigenetic, and Non-Genetic Factors in Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Genes · 2025Review
- Plastic associated endocrine disruptors reduce Nicastrin protein and potentiate inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa skin disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cesarean delivery modifies the association between prenatal exogenous progesterone and cryptorchidism: a case-control study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Coenzyme Q10 as adjuvant therapy could reduce oxidative stress and enhance sperm quality in cryptorchidism animal models.Narra J · 2025Article
- Temporal Changes in Indicators of Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome in Labrador and Golden Retrievers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Evaluation of semen parameters and histopathological comparison of inguinal and abdominal orchiectomy specimens in late post pubertal men with unilateral undescended testis.Basic and clinical andrology · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics and management strategies of testicular torsion in children with cryptorchidism: a comprehensive analysis.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- Abnormal H3K27me3 underlies degenerative spermatogonial stem cells in cryptorchid testis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Transcriptomics and proteomics association analysis demystify the molecular mechanisms underlying epididymal sperm maturation disorders in yaks with cryptorchidism.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Congenital cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is the condition where one or both testes are not in place in the scrotum at birth and is one of the most common birth defects in boys. Temporal trends and geographic variation in the prevalence of cryptorchidism from 1% to 9% have been reported in prospective cohort studies. The testes develop in the abdominal cavity and descend to the scrotum in two phases, which should be completed by gestational week 35. Thus, the risk of cryptorchidism is higher in preterm boys. In many cases a spontaneous descent occurs during the first months of life during the surge of gonadotropins and testosterone. If not, the testis is usually brought down to the scrotum, typically by surgery, to increase future fertility chances and facilitate cancer surveillance. The increasing frequency of impaired semen quality and testicular cancer, with which cryptorchidism is associated, represents a concern for male reproductive health in general and a need to understand its risk factors. The risk of cryptorchidism is closely related to gestational factors (preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction), and especially maternal smoking seems to be a risk factor. Evidence is accumulating that the increasing prevalence of cryptorchidism is also related to prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals, including endocrine disrupting compounds. This association has been corroborated in rodents and supported by ecological studies. Conducting human studies to assess the effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals and their interactions is, however, challenged by the widespread concomitant exposure of all humans to a wide range of chemicals, the combined effect of which and their interactions are highly complex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.