Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38633226›Full record

ArticleBiological psychiatry global open science2024

Examining Differences in the Genetic and Functional Architecture of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosed in Childhood and Adulthood.

Sophie Breunig, Jeremy M Lawrence, Isabelle F Foote, Hannah J Gebhardt, Erik G Willcutt, Andrew D Grotzinger

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biological psychiatry global open science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: evidence base, uncertainties and controversies.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sophie BreunigInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
Jeremy M LawrenceInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
Isabelle F FooteInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
Hannah J GebhardtDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
Erik G WillcuttInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
Andrew D GrotzingerInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.

Funding

VALIDITY OF SUBTYPES OF ADHDP50HD027802 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI ERIK G WILLCUTT · 1990 to 2026
$44.9M
Program Development and Pilot CoreP30AG066614 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI DEBRA J. UMBERSON · 2020 to 2026
$5.2M
Dissecting the Multivariate Genetic Architecture of Psychiatric DiseasesR01MH120219 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI NIVARD, MICHEL GUILLAUME, TUCKER-DROB, ELLIOT MAX · 2020 to 2024
$3.3M
Large-Scale Genomic Analysis of Aging-Related Cognitive Change Prior to Dementia OnsetRF1AG073593 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI TUCKER-DROB, ELLIOT MAX · 2021 to 2021
$2.1M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066614NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG073593NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD027802NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120219
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with diagnostic criteria requiring symptoms to begin in childhood. We investigated whether individuals diagnosed as children differ from those diagnosed in adulthood with respect to shared and unique architecture at the genome-wide and gene expression level of analysis. Methods: We used genomic structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate differences in genetic correlations ( Results: Compared with the childhood subgroup, adulthood-diagnosed ADHD exhibited a significantly larger negative Conclusions: This study demonstrated that ADHD diagnosed later in life shows much stronger genetic overlap with internalizing disorders and related traits. This may indicate the potential clinical relevance of distinguishing these subgroups or increased misdiagnosis for those diagnosed later in life. Top transcriptome-wide SEM results implicated genes related to neuronal function and clinical characteristics (e.g., sleep).

Indexed as

ADHDFunctional genomicsGene expressionGenomic SEMMultivariate genomicsPsychiatric genetics

Identifiers

PMID38633226
PMCPMC11021367

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.