ArticleBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2024
Leptin's Inverse Association With Brain Morphology and Depressive Symptoms: A Discovery and Confirmatory Study Across 2 Independent Samples.
Article in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal relationship between obesity, leptin, and brain structure and functional connectivity: evidence based on bidirectional and mediation mendelian randomisation analyses.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Considering the Inflammatory Theory.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMajor depressive disorder has a complex, bidirectional relationship with metabolic dysfunction, but the neural correlates of this association are not well understood.
methodsIn this cross-sectional investigation, we used a 2-step discovery and confirmatory strategy utilizing 2 independent samples (sample 1: 288 participants, sample 2: 196 participants) to examine the association between circulating indicators of metabolic health (leptin and adiponectin) and brain structures in individuals with major depressive disorder.
resultsWe found a replicable inverse correlation between leptin levels and cortical surface area within essential brain areas responsible for emotion regulation, such as the left posterior cingulate cortex, right pars orbitalis, right superior temporal gyrus, and right insula (standardized beta coefficient range: -0.27 to -0.49, p
conclusionsThe inverse association between leptin and cortical surface area in brain regions that are important for emotion processing and leptin's association with atypical depressive symptoms support the hypothesis that metabolic processes may be related to emotion regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms through which leptin may exert these effects should be explored further.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.