ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2024
Adjustment for duration of employment in occupational epidemiology.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unstable hours, unequal health: Gendered occupational health costs of work-hour volatility in the U.S.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Causal estimation of time-varying treatments in observational studies: a scoping review of methods, applications, and missing data practices.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Re: Adjustment for duration of employment in occupational epidemiology.Annals of epidemiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIn occupational epidemiology, the healthy worker survivor effect can manifest as a time-dependent confounder because healthier workers can accrue greater amounts of exposure over longer periods of employment. For example, in occupational studies of radiation exposure that focus on cumulative annualized radiation dose, workers can accrue greater amounts of cumulative radiation exposure over longer periods of employment, while workers with longer periods of employment can transition into jobs with a reduced potential for annualized radiation exposure. The extent to which confounding arising from the healthy worker survivor effect impacts radiation risk estimates is unknown.
methodsWe assessed the impact of the healthy worker survivor effect on estimates of radiation risk among nuclear workers in a Million Person Study cohort. In simulation studies, we contrasted the ability of marginal structural Cox models with inverse probability weighting and Cox proportional hazards models to account for time-dependent confounding arising from the healthy worker survivor effect.
resultsMarginal structural Cox models and Cox proportional hazards models with flexible functional forms for duration of employment provided reliable results.
conclusionsIt is crucial to flexibly adjust for duration of employment to account for confounding arising from the healthy worker survivor effect in occupational epidemiology.
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Registered trials
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