ArticleNeurology2024
Differences in Cortical Morphology in People With and Without Migraine: A Registry for Migraine (REFORM) MRI Study.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readControlled Clinical Trial
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04674020 (Registry for Migraine - Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Before and After Erenumab Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Registry for Migraine - Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Before and After Erenumab Treatment
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Post-Traumatic Headache: A Systematic Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Pooled it
- Brain imaging-wide exploration of site-specific pain: genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Brain structural MRI changes before and after 6 months of preventive treatment with erenumab and onabotulinumtoxinA in migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Multimodal serum and MRI signatures of neuroaxonal injury in high-frequency migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Review
- OnabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine: A real-life multicenter study of 479 patients.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Subcortical nuclei and glymphatic system alterations in migraine with aura: a comparative 7T multimodal MRI analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- 7T multimodal MRI reveals structural-functional-quantitative susceptibility mapping abnormalities of new daily persistent headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Neural signature of chronic migraine mice model and related photophobia in the primary visual cortex.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- White matter tract differences in persistent post-traumatic headache, migraine, and healthy controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Shared neural signatures of photophobia in migraine and post-traumatic headache: a task-based fMRI study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Signs of Cortical Inflammation in Migraine Measured with Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Registry for Migraine (REFORM) Study.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- White matter and cortical gray matter microstructural alterations in migraine: a NODDI and DTI analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging differences between chronic migraine with and without medication overuse headache: a 7 Tesla multimodal MRI study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- IDO1 modulates pain sensitivity and comorbid anxiety in chronic migraine through microglial activation and synaptic pruning.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Three-year treatment with anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies modifies migraine course: the prospective, multicenter I-GRAINE study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a Complementary Telehealth Education Program as a Preventive Treatment for Chronic Migraine: A Randomized Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Altered brainstem-cortex activation and interaction in migraine patients: somatosensory evoked EEG responses with machine learning.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- The Glymphatic System and its Relationship to Migraine.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Rune H ChristensenFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-3384-3579
Håkan AshinaFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-6268-727X
Haidar M Al-KhazaliFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-7015-3369
Yixin ZhangFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.
Daniel TolnaiFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.
Amanda H PoulsenFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.
Alessandro CagolFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-7703-0553
Nouchine HadjikhaniFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.
Cristina GranzieraFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-4917-8761
Faisal Mohammad AminFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.
Messoud AshinaFrom the Department of Neurology (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., A.H.P., F.M.A., M.A.), Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A.-K., F.M.A., M.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., H.A., H.M.A-K.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (H.A., F.M.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Department of Radiology (D.T.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel (A.C., C.G.), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C.G.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre (N.H.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (N.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders (M.A.), Glostrup, Denmark.
Copenhagen University Hospital · DK
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesStructural imaging can offer insights into the cortical morphometry of migraine, which might reflect adaptations to recurring nociceptive messaging. This study compares cortical morphometry between a large sample of people with migraine and healthy controls, as well as across migraine subtypes.
methodsAdult participants with migraine and age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls attended a single MRI session with magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences at 3T. Cortical surface area, thickness, and volume were compared between participants with migraine (including subgroups) and healthy controls across the whole cortex within FreeSurfer and reported according to the Desikan-Killiany atlas. The analysis used cluster-determining thresholds of
resultsA total of 296 participants with migraine (mean age 41.6 years ± 12.4 SD, 261 women) and 155 healthy controls (mean age 41.1 years ± 11.7 SD, 133 women) were included. Among the participants with migraine, 180 (63.5%) had chronic migraine, 103 (34.8%) had migraine with aura, and 88 (29.7%) experienced a migraine headache during the scan. The total cohort of participants with migraine had reduced cortical surface area in the left insula, compared with controls ( DISCUSSION: The identified cortical changes in migraine were limited to specific pain processing regions, including the insula and caudal anterior cingulate gyrus, and were most notable in participants with chronic migraine. These findings suggest persistent cortical changes associated with migraine. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: The REFORM study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04674020).
Indexed as
Migraine DisordersAdultFemaleGyrus CinguliHeadacheHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedRegistries
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04674020ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.