ArticlePloS one2024
Characterization of the brain virome in human immunodeficiency virus infection and substance use disorder.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond oncogenesis: the unexplored benefits of viruses in cancer immunity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Cross-Compartment Virome Profiling in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Substance Use Disorder Reveals Brain-CSF-Periphery Discordance and Hepatitis B Virus in Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Predictive Utility of ViroFind Detection of Blood and CSF Virome for Viral Presence in Human Brain Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer's disease?Trends in neurosciences · 2025Review
- Human pegivirus alters brain and blood immune and transcriptomic profiles of patients with Parkinson's disease.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Clinical prognostic value of TTV and HCMV but not EBV for outcomes in hospitalized HIV-positive patients.Biosafety and health · 2025Article
- The cerebrospinal fluid virome in people with HIV: links to neuroinflammation and cognition.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Alterations of the gut microbiome in HIV infection highlight human anelloviruses as potential predictors of immune recovery.Microbiome · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses can infect the brain in individuals with and without HIV-infection: however, the brain virome is poorly characterized. Metabolic alterations have been identified which predispose people to substance use disorder (SUD), but whether these could be triggered by viral infection of the brain is unknown. We used a target-enrichment, deep sequencing platform and bioinformatic pipeline named "ViroFind", for the unbiased characterization of DNA and RNA viruses in brain samples obtained from the National Neuro-AIDS Tissue Consortium. We analyzed fresh frozen post-mortem prefrontal cortex from 72 individuals without known viral infection of the brain, including 16 HIV+/SUD+, 20 HIV+/SUD-, 16 HIV-/SUD+, and 20 HIV-/SUD-. The average age was 52.3 y and 62.5% were males. We identified sequences from 26 viruses belonging to 11 viral taxa. These included viruses with and without known pathogenic potential or tropism to the nervous system, with sequence coverage ranging from 0.03 to 99.73% of the viral genomes. In SUD+ people, HIV-infection was associated with a higher total number of viruses, and HIV+/SUD+ compared to HIV-/SUD+ individuals had an increased frequency of Adenovirus (68.8 vs 0%; p<0.001) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (43.8 vs 6.3%; p=0.037) as well as an increase in Torque Teno virus (TTV) burden. Conversely, in HIV+ people, SUD was associated with an increase in frequency of Hepatitis C virus, (25 in HIV+/SUD+ vs 0% in HIV+/SUD-; p=0.031). Finally, HIV+/SUD- compared to HIV-/SUD- individuals had an increased frequency of EBV (50 vs 0%; p<0.001) and an increase in TTV viral burden, but a decreased Adenovirus viral burden. These data demonstrate an unexpectedly high variety in the human brain virome, identifying targets for future research into the impact of these taxa on the central nervous system. ViroFind could become a valuable tool for monitoring viral dynamics in various compartments, monitoring outbreaks, and informing vaccine development.
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