ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
The monocyte cell surface is a unique site of autoantigen generation in rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- NLRP3 inflammasome promotes PAD2/PAD4 release and protein citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Peptidylarginine deiminase 4-mediated citrullination in human disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Anti-Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 Autoantibodies Derived From Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Exert Pathogenic Effects by Activating Monocytes and Exacerbating Inflammatory Arthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Citrullinated peptides as drug candidates for rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPAs) are a hallmark serological feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the mechanisms and cellular sources behind the generation of the RA citrullinome remain incompletely defined. Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PAD4), one of the key enzymatic drivers of citrullination in the RA joint, is expressed by granulocytes and monocytes; however, the subcellular localization and contribution of monocyte-derived PAD4 to the generation of citrullinated autoantigens remain underexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that PAD4 displays a widespread cellular distribution in monocytes, including expression on the cell surface. Surface PAD4 was enzymatically active and capable of citrullinating extracellular fibrinogen and endogenous surface proteins in a calcium dose-dependent manner. Fibrinogen citrullinated by monocyte-surface PAD4 could be specifically recognized over native fibrinogen by a panel of eight human monoclonal ACPAs. Several unique PAD4 substrates were identified on the monocyte surface via mass spectrometry, with citrullination of the CD11b and CD18 components of the Mac-1 integrin complex being the most abundant. Citrullinated Mac-1 was found to be a target of ACPAs in 25% of RA patients, and Mac-1 ACPAs were significantly associated with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles, higher C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels, and more erosive joint damage. Our findings implicate the monocyte cell surface as a unique and consequential site of extracellular and cell surface autoantigen generation in RA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.