ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2024
TLR5 agonist in combination with anti-PD-1 treatment enhances anti-tumor effect through M1/M2 macrophage polarization shift and CD8
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting macrophage-driven NK cell immunosuppression to improve cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Astragalus polysaccharide antagonized anti PD-1 efficacy in melanoma through inhibiting JAK-STAT1/CIITA and TLR/NF-κB signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Next Generation Calcium Nanomaterials: Disrupting Tumor CaInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Flagellins as Vaccine Adjuvants and Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.Immunology · 2025Review
- Nano-orchestrated magnetotactic-like navigation for electromagnetic theranostics and immune enhancement via photoautotrophic oxygenation, mild hyperthermia, and ferroptosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and targeted therapy for immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- M1 macrophages - unexpected contribution to tumor progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- TLR agonists as adjuvants for viral vaccines: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Targeting the Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Lung Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges.Current drug targets · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized anti-tumor therapy, notably improving treatment responses in various tumors. However, many patients remain non-responsive and do not experience benefits. Given that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can counteract tumor immune tolerance by stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, TLR agonists are being explored as potential immune adjuvants for cancer treatment. In this study, we assessed the potential of enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors by activating innate immunity with a TLR5 agonist. In a mouse tumor model, combination therapy with TLR5 agonist and anti-PD-1 significantly inhibited tumor growth. The TLR5 agonist shifted the balance from M2-like to M1-like macrophages and upregulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules in macrophages. Furthermore, TLR5 agonist promoted the activation and tumor infiltration of CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.