ArticleEuropean stroke journal2024
Predictors of severe intracerebral hemorrhage expansion.
Article in European stroke journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spot sign as a predictor of hematoma expansion and poor functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Emergency radiology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of FXIII Levels on Hematoma Expansion and Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study of 132 Patients.Neurocritical care · 2026Observational
- Review
- Temporal Profile of Soluble TLR4 and its Association with Intracerebral Haemorrhage Expansion.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- Association of Rotational Thromboelastometry Parameters with Hematoma Expansion After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Perilesional radiomics enhances 90-day outcome prediction in intracerebral hemorrhage: development and validation of a combined model with hematoma radiomics and clinical features.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Predictive performance of non-contrast CT signs for hematoma expansion: A comparative analysis across traditional, revised, and conservative definitions.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- A Standardized Anatomical Classification of Intracranial Hemorrhage.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Risk factors and development of a prediction model for hematoma expansion in elderly patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Stepwise improvement in intracerebral haematoma expansion prediction with advanced imaging: a comprehensive comparison of existing scores.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2025Article
- Review
- Clinical and Radiological Predictors for Early Hematoma Expansion After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Study.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Article
- Characteristics of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with dual antiplatelet treatment.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Differential Risk Factors for Hematoma Expansion in Deep and Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Spot Sign in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Critical Reappraisal and Future Clinical Implications.Stroke · 2025Review
- Co-localization of NCCT hypodensity and CTA spot sign predicts substantial intracerebral hematoma expansion: The Black-&-White sign.European stroke journal · 2025Article
- Medial intracranial carotid artery calcifications and hematoma expansion in deep intracerebral hemorrhage.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 12 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSevere hematoma expansion (sHE) has the strongest impact on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcome. We investigated the predictors of sHE.
methodsRetrospective analysis of ICH patients admitted at nine sites in Italy, Germany, China, and Canada. The following imaging features were analyzed: non-contrast CT (NCCT) hypodensities, heterogeneous density, blend sign, irregular shape, and CT angiography (CTA) spot sign. The outcome of interest was sHE, defined as volume increase >66% and/or >12.5 from baseline to follow-up NCCT. Predictors of sHE were explored with logistic regression.
resultsA total of 1472 patients were included (median age 73, 56.6% males) of whom 223 (15.2%) had sHE. Age (odds ratio (OR) per year, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02 (1.01-1.04)), Anticoagulant treatment (OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.09-4.31), Glasgow Coma Scale (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.98), time from onset/last known well to imaging, (OR per h 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99), and baseline ICH volume, (OR per mL 1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.03) were independently associated with sHE. Ultra-early hematoma growth (baseline volume/baseline imaging time) was also a predictor of sHE (OR per mL/h 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02). All NCCT and CTA imaging markers were also predictors of sHE. Amongst imaging features NCCT hypodensities had the highest sensitivity (0.79) whereas the CTA spot sign had the highest positive predictive value (0.51).
conclusionssHE is common in the natural history of ICH and can be predicted with few clinical and imaging variables. These findings might inform clinical practice and future trials targeting active bleeding in ICH.
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