ArticleBMC oral health2024
Serum biomarker levels in smokers and non-smokers following periodontal therapy. A prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salivary levels of suPAR, HIF-1α and TNF-α in different grades of stage III periodontitis.BMC oral health · 2025Observational
- Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Benefit of nanohydroxyapatite combined with triamcinolone for non-surgical treatment of severe periodontitis: a retrospective study.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of NETosis (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers periodontitis patients.F1000Research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo compare presence and levels of serum cytokines in smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis following periodontal therapy.
methodsThirty heavy smokers and 30 non-smokers with stage III or IV periodontitis were included in this prospective cohort study. Clinical data and blood serum were collected at baseline (T0), after step I-III (T1), and after 12 months step IV periodontal therapy (T2). Cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, and IP-10 levels were measured using multiplex kit Bio-Plex Human Pro™ Assay. Linear regression models with cluster robust variance estimates to adjust for repeated observations were used to test intra- and intergroup levels for each marker, IL-6 and IL-8 defined as primary outcomes.
resultsClinical outcomes improved in both groups following therapy (p < 0.05). IL-6 levels increased with 75.0% from T0-T2 among smokers (p = 0.004). No significant intra- or intergroup differences were observed for IL-8. Higher levels of TNF-α (44.1%) and IL-10 (50.6%) were detected in smokers compared with non-smokers at T1 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.037, respectively). From T1-T2, differences in mean change over time for levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were observed in smokers compared with non-smokers (p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, respectively).
conclusionUpregulated levels of serum cytokines in smokers indicate a systemic effect of smoking following periodontal therapy. Differences in cytokine levels between smokers and non-smokers demonstrate a smoking induced modulation of specific systemic immunological responses in patients with severe periodontitis.
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