SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2024
The Effect of Strength Training Methods on Middle-Distance and Long-Distance Runners' Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Heavy strength training effects on physiological determinants of endurance cyclist performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of plyometrics training on lower limb strength, power, agility, and body composition in athletically trained adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of exercise training and nutritional supplementation on taekwondo performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- The effects of uphill training on the maximal velocity and performance of middle-distance runners: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Structured Sanda training as an innovative exercise intervention for young men with obesity: metabolic load distribution and adaptive responses compared with moderate-intensity continuous cycling.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- A Novel Two-Week Dynamic HIIT Protocol Improves Roller Skiing Speed and Metabolic Efficiency in Trained Cross-Country Skiers: A Pilot Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Isokinetic Torque and External Load Metrics During Youth Soccer Matches.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Era of Resistance Training as a Primary Form of Physical Activity for Physical Fitness and Health in Youth Has Come.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Equity in training load: research design considerations for intervention assessment in sports science and physical therapy.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Review
- Effects of 12 Weeks of Interval Block Resistance Training Versus Circuit Resistance Training on Body Composition, Performance, and Autonomic Recovery in Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of alexithymia and depression among professional contemporary French dancers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Habits Related to Strength Training of Brazilian Recreational Runners.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe running performance of middle-distance and long-distance runners is determined by factors such as maximal oxygen uptake (VO
objectiveThe aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare the effect of different strength training methods (e.g., high load, submaximal load, plyometric, combined) on performance (i.e., time trial and time until exhaustion) and its determinants (i.e., VO
methodsA systematic search was conducted across electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, SCOPUS). The search included articles indexed up to November 2022, using various keywords combined with Boolean operators. The eligibility criteria were: (1) middle- and long-distance runners, without restriction on sex or training/competitive level; (2) application of a strength training method for ≥ 3 weeks, including high load training (≥ 80% of one repetition maximum), submaximal load training (40-79% of one repetition maximum), plyometric training, and combined training (i.e., two or more methods); (3) endurance running training control group under no strength training or under strength training with low loads (< 40% of one repetition maximum); (4) running performance, VO
resultsThe certainty of the evidence was very low to moderate. The studies included 324 moderately trained, 272 well trained, and 298 highly trained athletes. The strength training programs were between 6 and 40 weeks duration, with one to four intervention sessions per week. High load and combined training methods induced moderate (effect size = - 0.469, p = 0.029) and large effect (effect size = - 1.035, p = 0.036) on running performance, respectively. While plyometric training was not found to have a significant effect (effect size = - 0.210, p = 0.064). None of the training methods improved VO
conclusionsStrength training with high loads can improve performance (i.e., time trial, time to exhaustion) in middle-distance and long-distance runners. A greater improvement may be obtained when two or more strength training methods (i.e., high load training, submaximal load training and/or plyometric training) are combined, although with trivial effects on VO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.