ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2024
Similarities and Differences Between Pragmatic Trials and Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trials.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prehabilitation for cancer surgery: a systematic review of qualitative literature from experienced stakeholders.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Collaborative Care for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care: A Hybrid Type 2 Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Trial
- A scoping review of implementation strategies to reduce stigma toward people who use substances in healthcare settings.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Psychometric properties of the Clinical Sustainability Assessment Tool (CSAT) short form across three research centers evaluating effectiveness and implementation of a cancer symptom surveillance and management intervention.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Psychotherapy for older adults with depression: a narrative review.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation studies: why and how to do them.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Do Self-Measured Blood Pressure Devices Change Outcomes? Implementation Does: Team-Based Insights from the ASPIRE Hybrid Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Could master protocols be adapted for effectiveness-implementation hybrid studies?BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Understanding context: leveraging the pragmatic robust implementation sustainability model to inform the implementation of a community-based southeastern preconception counseling intervention to improve maternal health equity.Discover health systems · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pragmatism in clinical trials is focused on increasing the generalizability of research findings for routine clinical care settings. Hybridism in clinical trials (i.e., assessing both clinical effectiveness and implementation success) is focused on speeding up the process by which evidence-based practices are developed and adopted into routine clinical care. Even though pragmatic trial methodologies and implementation science evolved from very different disciplines, Pragmatic Trials and Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trials share many similar design features. In fact, these types of trials can easily be conflated, creating the potential for investigators to mislabel their trial type or mistakenly use the wrong trial type to answer their research question. Blurred boundaries between trial types can hamper the evaluation of grant applications, the scientific interpretation of findings, and policy-making. Acknowledging that most trials are not pure Pragmatic Trials nor pure Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trials, there are key differences in these trial types and they answer very different research questions. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the similarities and differences of these trial types for funders, researchers, and policy-makers. In addition, recommendations are offered to help investigators choose, label, and operationalize the most appropriate trial type to answer their research question. These recommendations complement existing reporting guidelines for clinical effectiveness trials (TIDieR) and implementation trials (StaRI).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.