ArticlePloS one2024
Ciliary muscles contraction leads to axial length extension--The possible initiating factor for myopia.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vivo biomechanical property detection of the ciliary muscle based on optical coherence tomography and digital image correlation technology.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Timing of height growth peaks and axial elongation in atropine-treated myopic children.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association between refraction characteristics and anthropometrics in 7- to 10-year-old Chinese primary school students.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Positive/negative binocular fusional C-optotypes and 2D planar C-optotypes on transient accommodation and stability in adult eyes: implications for myopia prevention and control.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effect of orthokeratology lens wear on axial length elongation in myopic children.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Visual Training for Myopia Control: An Independent and Additive Inhibitor of Axial Growth.Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Analysis of axial shortening induced by orthokeratology lenses and its mechanical mechanisms.PloS one · 2025Article
- One-year changes in axial length and refraction in children using low-level red light and distant-image screen for myopia control: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- AI-based fully automatic analysis of retinal vascular morphology in pediatric high myopia.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Axial length to corneal curvature radius ratio is negatively correlated with choroidal blood flow in myopic children.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to investigate the underlying factors driving the onset of myopia, specifically the role of the ciliary muscle's contraction in the elongation of the axial length of the eye.
methodsThe retrospective study was conducted utilizing data from three ophthalmic centers in Shanghai and Beijing. Both Chinese and Caucasian children were involved. The axial length of the subjects' eyes was measured in both relaxed and contracted state of the ciliary muscle. A comprehensive mechanical model was also developed to observe the influence of ciliary muscle contraction on the axial length.
resultsThis study included a sample of 198 right eyes of 198 myopic children. Of these, 97 were male and 101 were female, 126 were of Chinese ethnicity and 72 were Caucasian. The age of onset for myopia ranged from 5.9 to 16.9 years old. The axial length of the eye decreased 0.028 ± 0.007mm following dilation, indicating relaxation of the ciliary muscle (t paired student = 15.16, p = 6.72 x 10-35). In contrast, ciliary muscle contraction resulted in an increase in axial length. Considering proportionality, a significant 90.4% (179 eyes) exhibited a reduced axial length, while a minor 9.6% (19 eyes) demonstrated an increase post-mydriasis. Finite element modeling demonstrated that muscle contraction caused a tension force that transmits towards the posterior pole of the eye, causing it to extend posteriorly.
conclusionThe contraction of the ciliary muscle leads to an extension of the axial length. This could potentially be the initiating factor for myopia.
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