ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
Incidence, Clearance, and Persistence of Penile High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Among Rwandan Men Who Have Sex With Men.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Behavioral Factors Associated with Penile and Rectal HPV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kenya.Research square · 2026Article
- Observational
- Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccination Completion Rates Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Venereology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about penile high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to determine the incidence, clearance, and persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM.
methodsWe enrolled 350 MSM (345 with valid human papillomavirus [HPV] results) aged ≥18 years. At each visit (6-12 months apart), we collected penile PreservCyt specimens and blood for HPV and HIV testing, as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. HPV testing was performed with the Ampfire assay. Penile hrHPV incidence and clearance per 1000 person-months of follow-up, as well as prevalent and incident persistence, were computed and compared by HIV status.
resultsThe mean (SD) age was 27.7 (6.7) years and 19.4% were living with HIV. Penile hrHPV incidence was 34.8 (95% CI, 29.1-41.8) per 1000 person-months of follow-up. HPV-16 (11.7; 95% CI, 9.26-14.9) and HPV-59 (6.1; 95% CI, 4.52-8.39) had the highest incidence rates. Prevalent and incident persistence was 47.5% and 46.6%, respectively. HPV-66 (33.3%), HPV-52 (30.8%), and HPV-16 (29.2%) had the highest prevalent persistence and HPV-33 (53.8%), HPV-31 (46.7%), and HPV-16 (42.6%) the highest incident persistence. No differences were found by HIV status except for HPV-45 (higher in MSM with HIV).
conclusionsWe found high incidence and prevalent/incident persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM. This highlights the importance of preventive strategies for HPV-associated anogenital cancers.
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