ArticlePloS one2024
Trends, patterns and relationship of antimicrobial use and resistance in bacterial isolates tested between 2015-2020 in a national referral hospital of Zambia.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in healthcare and community settings in West Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Antibiotic utilization in outpatient and inpatient hospitals in Zambia: a systematic review, key findings and public health implications.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance Dynamics Across Healthcare Level: Global Evidence and Stewardship Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Lytic bacteriophages targeting carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in a resource-limited Zambian laboratory.Access microbiology · 2026Article
- Transmission dynamics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit in Zambia before and after an infection control bundle.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolates at a Rural Hospital in Southern Malawi.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- High prevalence and multidrug resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a provincial referral hospital in Zambia: A 5-year retrospective study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Detection of carbapenem resistance among third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales from small-scale poultry farms in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia.Access microbiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of ESKAPE pathogens in the neonatal intensive care unit of the women and newborn hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Current status and future direction of antimicrobial stewardship programs and antibiotic prescribing in primary care hospitals in Zambia.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility at intensive care units in Sudan, antibiogram development.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Development of a PCR-dipstick DNA chromatography-based tool for the detection of CTX-M- and TEM-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients in Kafue and Katete districts of Zambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Impact on Antibiotic Use in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Zambia: A Comparative Point Prevalence Survey.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- One health approach unravels worrying antimicrobial resistance patterns: A cross-sectional study in Kisii, Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Evaluating infection prevention and control programs in Zambian hospitals using the WHO infection prevention and control assessment framework tool.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Genotypic Characterisation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Antibiotic use and adherence to the WHO AWaRe guidelines across 16 hospitals in Zambia: a point prevalence survey.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- A Situation Analysis of the Capacity of Laboratories in Faith-Based Hospitals in Zambia to Conduct Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance: Opportunities to Improve Diagnostic Stewardship.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The World Health Organization Access, Watch, and Reserve classification of antibiotics: an awareness survey among pharmacy professionals in a sub-Saharan country, Zambia.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria underscores the need to strengthen AMR surveillance and promote data-based prescribing. To evaluate trends and associations between antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR, we explored a dataset of 34,672 bacterial isolates collected between 2015 and 2020 from clinical samples at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. The most frequently isolated species were Escherichia coli (4,986/34,672; 14.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (3,941/34,672; 11.4%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3,796/34,672; 10.9%). Of the 16 drugs (eight classes) tested, only amikacin and imipenem showed good (> 50%) antimicrobial activity against both E. coli and K. pneumoniae, while nitrofurantoin was effective only in E. coli. Furthermore, 38.8% (1,934/4,980) of E. coli and 52.4% (2,079/3,791) of K. pneumoniae isolates displayed multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns on antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Among S. aureus isolates, 44.6% (973/2,181) were classified as methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Notably, all the MRSA exhibited MDR patterns. The annual hospital AMR rates varied over time, while there was a weak positive relationship (r = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.11-0.60) between the monthly use of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and 3GC resistance among Enterobacterales. Overall, the results revealed high AMR rates that fluctuated over time, with a weak positive relationship between 3GC use and resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the association between AMU and AMR in Zambia. Our results highlight the need to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programs and optimize AMU in hospital settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.