ArticleHand (New York, N.Y.)2025
Diversity in Hand Surgery Leadership: The Impact of Mentorship and Bias.
Article in Hand (New York, N.Y.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Comprehensive Evidence on the Effectiveness and Experiences of Mentoring Programmes for Managers in Healthcare: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.Journal of nursing management · 2026Pooled it
- Gender and Diversity Trends Among Hand Fellowship Training Programs in the United States.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Comparing Predictors for Leadership in Surgical Subspecialty National Organizations.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiversity in leadership drives innovation. However, underrepresented minorities may face barriers. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of gender and race on the experience of leaders in hand surgery.
methodsAn anonymous survey was sent to leaders in hand surgery who attained the position of national society president, head of a division/department, or hand fellowship director. The survey assessed demographic information, grit, mentorship, and bias.
resultsOne hundred twenty-one leaders responded for a response rate of 60.5%. Men represented 81.0% and women 19.0%. Most respondents were white (87.6%) with 7% Asian and 6% any other race. Ninety-one percent of female respondents lived in a dual career household, compared with 53.7% of male respondents (odds ratio [OR] 0.15,
conclusionsWomen and racial minorities face bias and barriers to leadership within hand surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.