ArticleThe journal of physical chemistry. B2024
Mechanisms of the Drug Penetration Enhancer Propylene Glycol Interacting with Skin Lipid Membranes.
Article in The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoemulsification Promotes Antibacterial Activity of Selected Essential Oils Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms In Vitro.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- An Assessment of In Vitro Permeation Testing Finite Dose Methodology.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Skin Barrier-Informed Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery: Excipient-Driven Strategies, Vehicle Transformation, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Skin Barrier Modulation by Oleyl-Based Co-Formulants: Mechanistic Insights from Molecular Simulations.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Minimal Systemic Exposure with Maximal Delgocitinib Cream Use in Patients with Severe Chronic Hand Eczema in the DELTA 2 Randomized, Vehicle-Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Quercetin accelerates full-thickness burn wound repair by modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- TPGS Modified Phospholipid-free and Cholesterol-free Ethosomes Enhance Chemical Stability and Transdermal Permeation Of Retinol.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Polydopamine-doped PEDOT interfaces improve cell-electrode interactions and neural signal transmission.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Innovative Hydrogel Formulation Combining Phycocyanin and Probiotic for Enhancing Skin Regeneration and Accelerated Wound Healing: A Preclinical Investigation in Wistar Rats.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Review
- Development of long-acting riluzole transdermal patch against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Mechanistic insights into polyglyceryl-3 dioleate-enhanced drug release and skin permeation.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- Comparative human and porcine skin permeation profiles of novel metformin lotion formulations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- New Coarse-Grained Models for Stratum Corneum Ceramides Reveal Headgroup-Dependent Structural Organization.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Development and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Newly Formulated Letrozole Non-Aqueous Nanoemulgel Transdermal Systems for Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Presence of Different Ceramide Species Modulates Barrier Function and Structure of Stratum Corneum Lipid Membranes: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Enhancing Niacinamide Skin Penetration via Other Skin Brightening Agents: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Combinatorial MD/QM studies to develop novel ionic liquid-based anticancer drug delivery systems with aminium derived from carbohydrates as cationic components.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- In Vitro Study of Cyano-Phycocyanin Release from Hydrogels and Ex Vivo Study of Skin Penetration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Very few drugs have the necessary physicochemical properties to cross the skin's main permeability barrier, the stratum corneum (SC), in sufficient amounts. Propylene glycol (PG) is a chemical penetration enhancer that could be included in topical formulations in order to overcome the barrier properties of the skin and facilitate the transport of drugs across it. Experiments have demonstrated that PG increases the mobility and disorder of SC lipids and may extract cholesterol from the SC, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of drug permeation enhancement by PG. In this work, we have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the molecular-level effects of PG on the structure and properties of model SC lipid bilayers. The model bilayers were simulated in the presence of PG concentrations over the range of 0-100% w/w PG, using both an all-atom and a united atom force field. PG was found to localize in the hydrophilic headgroup regions at the bilayer interface, to occupy the lipid-water hydrogen-bonding sites, and to slightly increase lipid tail disorder in a concentration-dependent manner. We showed with MD simulation that PG enhances the permeation of small molecules such as water by interacting with the bilayer interface; the results of our study may be used to guide the design of formulations for transdermal drug delivery with enhanced skin permeation, as well as topical formulations and cosmetic products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.