Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38621190›Full record

ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2024

Very Long-Term Functional Outcomes and Dependency in Children With Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.

Li-Wen Chen, Gemma Olivé-Cirera, Elianet G Fonseca, Mateus Mistieri Simabukuro, Takahiro Iizuka, Thais Armangue, Josep Dalmau, Pediatric Encephalitis Study Group

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025
    Review
  6. Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025
    Article
  7. Recent advances in autoimmune encephalitis.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.

Li-Wen ChenFrom the Group of Experimental Neuroimmunology (L.-W.C., G.O.-C., E.G.F., T.A., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Caixa Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell; Neurology Service (E.G.F., J.D.), Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (E.G.F., T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (M.M.S.), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (J.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and University of Barcelona (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4013-8333
Gemma Olivé-CireraFrom the Group of Experimental Neuroimmunology (L.-W.C., G.O.-C., E.G.F., T.A., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Caixa Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell; Neurology Service (E.G.F., J.D.), Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (E.G.F., T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (M.M.S.), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (J.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and University of Barcelona (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0880-4260
Elianet G FonsecaFrom the Group of Experimental Neuroimmunology (L.-W.C., G.O.-C., E.G.F., T.A., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Caixa Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell; Neurology Service (E.G.F., J.D.), Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (E.G.F., T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (M.M.S.), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (J.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and University of Barcelona (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3613-3185
Mateus Mistieri SimabukuroFrom the Group of Experimental Neuroimmunology (L.-W.C., G.O.-C., E.G.F., T.A., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Caixa Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell; Neurology Service (E.G.F., J.D.), Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (E.G.F., T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (M.M.S.), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (J.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and University of Barcelona (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Takahiro IizukaFrom the Group of Experimental Neuroimmunology (L.-W.C., G.O.-C., E.G.F., T.A., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Caixa Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell; Neurology Service (E.G.F., J.D.), Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (E.G.F., T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (M.M.S.), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (J.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and University of Barcelona (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7234-0720
Thais ArmangueFrom the Group of Experimental Neuroimmunology (L.-W.C., G.O.-C., E.G.F., T.A., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Caixa Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell; Neurology Service (E.G.F., J.D.), Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (E.G.F., T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (M.M.S.), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (J.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and University of Barcelona (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6192-6171
Josep DalmauFrom the Group of Experimental Neuroimmunology (L.-W.C., G.O.-C., E.G.F., T.A., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Caixa Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell; Neurology Service (E.G.F., J.D.), Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (E.G.F., T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (M.M.S.), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (J.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and University of Barcelona (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5856-2813
Pediatric Encephalitis Study GroupFrom the Group of Experimental Neuroimmunology (L.-W.C., G.O.-C., E.G.F., T.A., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Caixa Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell; Neurology Service (E.G.F., J.D.), Hospital Clínic Barcelona; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (E.G.F., T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (M.M.S.), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (J.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and University of Barcelona (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Neuroimmunology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences · SKNational Cheng Kung University Hospital · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo assess the daily function of children with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARe) after a minimal follow-up of 5 years.

methodsPatients 18 years and younger by the time of disease onset, whose serum and CSF were studied in our center between 2013 and 2017, were included in the study. Patients' daily life function was assessed by their physicians using a 15-domain question format (Liverpool Outcome Score).

resultsOf 76 patients, 8 (11%) died and 68 were followed for a mean of 7.1 years (SD 1.5 years, range: 5.0-10.1). Three outcome patterns were identified: full recovery (50; 73%); behavioral and school/working deficits (12; 18%); and multidomain deficits (6; 9%) involving self-care ability, behavioral-cognitive impairment, and seizures. Younger age of disease onset was significantly associated with multidomain deficits (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.02-2.4, DISCUSSION: After a minimal follow-up of 5 years, most children with NMDARe had substantial or full functional recovery, but approximately one-fifth remained with behavioral and school/working deficits. The younger the patient at disease onset, the more probable it was to remain with multidomain deficits and dependent on sociofamiliar support.

Indexed as

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor EncephalitisChildHumansReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateRecovery of FunctionSeizuresReceptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

Identifiers

PMID38621190
PMCPMC11087043
OpenAlexW4394803694

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.