Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38621117›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024

Babbling opens the sensory phase for imitative vocal learning.

Albertine Leitão, Manfred Gahr

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Altricial brains and the evolution of infant vocal learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Conserving avian vocal culture.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  4. Birds and babies: Ontogeny of vocal learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  5. Babbling opens the sensory phase for imitative vocal learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Albertine LeitãoDepartment of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0006-7942-9396
Manfred GahrDepartment of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6602-2291
Max Planck Institute for Ornithology · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Zebra finches, a species of songbirds, learn to sing by creating an auditory template through the memorization of model songs (sensory learning phase) and subsequently translating these perceptual memories into motor skills (sensorimotor learning phase). It has been traditionally believed that babbling in juvenile birds initiates the sensorimotor phase while the sensory phase of song learning precedes the onset of babbling. However, our findings challenge this notion by demonstrating that testosterone-induced premature babbling actually triggers the onset of the sensory learning phase instead. We reveal that juvenile birds must engage in babbling and self-listening to acquire the tutor song as the template. Notably, the sensory learning of the template in songbirds requires motor vocal activity, reflecting the observation that prelinguistic babbling in humans plays a crucial role in auditory learning for language acquisition.

Indexed as

FinchesAnimalsHumansLanguage DevelopmentLearningVocalization, Animalbabblingbirdslanguage acquisitionsong learning

Identifiers

PMID38621117
PMCPMC11067029
OpenAlexW4394804022

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.