Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38620577›Full record

ReviewApplied materials today2021

Nitric oxide and viral infection: Recent developments in antiviral therapies and platforms.

Mark R Garren, Morgan Ashcraft, Yun Qian, Megan Douglass, Elizabeth J Brisbois, Hitesh Handa

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Applied materials today, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Therapeutic Gases in Biomedicine: Updates on Nitric Oxide and Beyond.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mark R GarrenSchool of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Morgan AshcraftSchool of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Yun QianSchool of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Megan DouglassSchool of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Elizabeth J BrisboisSchool of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Hitesh HandaSchool of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
University of Georgia · US

Funding

Engineering nitric oxide releasing polymer with immobilized thrombin inhibitor for blood contacting applicationsR01HL134899 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI HANDA, HITESH · 2017 to 2025
$3.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL134899
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gasotransmitter of great significance to developing the innate immune response to many bacterial and viral infections, while also modulating vascular physiology. The generation of NO from the upregulation of endogenous nitric oxide synthases serves as an efficacious method for inhibiting viral replication in host defense and warrants investigation for the development of antiviral therapeutics. With increased incidence of global pandemics concerning several respiratory-based viral infections, it is necessary to develop broad therapeutic platforms for inhibiting viral replication and enabling more efficient host clearance, as well as to fabricate new materials for deterring viral transmission from medical devices. Recent developments in creating stabilized NO donor compounds and their incorporation into macromolecular scaffolds and polymeric substrates has created a new paradigm for developing NO-based therapeutics for long-term NO release in applications for bactericidal and blood-contacting surfaces. Despite this abundance of research, there has been little consideration of NO-releasing scaffolds and substrates for reducing passive transmission of viral infections or for treating several respiratory viral infections. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in developing gaseous NO, NO prodrugs, and NO donor compounds for antiviral therapies; discuss the limitations of NO as an antiviral agent; and outline future prospects for guiding materials design of a next generation of NO-releasing antiviral platforms.

Indexed as

ACE, angiotensin converting enzymeAP1, activator protein 1COVID-19COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019dsRNA, double stranded (viral) ribonucleic acidECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, FDA, United States Food and Drug AdministrationgNO, gaseous nitric oxideGNSO, S-nitrosoglutathioneH1N1, influenza A virus subtype H1N1HI, Host ImmunologyHIV, human immunodeficiency virusHPV, human papillomavirusHSV, herpes simplex virusIC50, inhibitory concentration 50IFN, interferonIFNγ, interferon gammaIKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinaseInhalation therapyiNOS/NOS 2, inducible nitric oxide synthaseIRF-1, interferon regulatory factor 1I/R, pulmonary ischemia-reperfusionMedical Terminology: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndromemtALDH, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenaseNF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cellsNitric oxideNitric Oxide and Related Compounds: eNOS/NOS 3, endothelial nitric oxide synthasenNOS/NOS 1, neuronal nitric oxide synthaseNO, nitric oxideNOS, nitric oxide synthaseOther: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acidP38-MAPK, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinasesPAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patternPCV2, porcine circovirus type 2PHT, pulmonary hypertensionPKR, protein kinase RRNA, ribonucleic acidRNI, reactive nitrogen intermediateRSNO, S-nitrosothiolSARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SARS, severe acute respiratory syndromeSevere acute respiratory distressSNAP, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamineSTAT-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinases-1TLR, toll-like receptorVAP, ventilator associated pneumoniaViral infectionViruses: CVB3, coxsackievirus

Identifiers

PMID38620577
PMCPMC7718584
OpenAlexW3112563129

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.