Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38619213›Full record

Trial reportOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2024

Effects of vision therapy on near exodeviation in children with convergence insufficiency treated during the convergence insufficiency treatment trials.

Erica Schulman, Mitchell Scheiman, Marjean T Kulp, Tawna L Roberts, Susan Cotter, Loraine T Sinnott, Andrew Toole, CITT‐ART Investigator Group

Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 39% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Erica SchulmanCollege of Optometry, State University of New York, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-3400-1671
Mitchell ScheimanPennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9274-5696
Marjean T KulpThe Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0486-6998
Tawna L RobertsDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6835-5559
Susan CotterSouthern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8402-0521
Loraine T SinnottThe Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Andrew TooleThe Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-0535-2685
CITT‐ART Investigator Group
The Ohio State University · USMarshall B. Ketchum University · USSalus University · USStanford University · USSUNY College of Optometry · US

Funding

Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022599 · NEI · SALUS UNIVERSITY · PI SCHEIMAN, MITCHELL M · 2014 to 2018
$2.2M
Convergence Insuffiency Treatment TrialU10EY014713 · NEI · SALUS UNIVERSITY · PI SCHEIMAN, MITCHELL M · 2004 to 2006
$1.8M
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial- Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART)U10EY022601 · NEI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MITCHELL, GLADYS L · 2014 to 2018
$1.5M
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment TrialU10EY014659 · NEI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MITCHELL, GLADYS L · 2004 to 2007
$1.4M
Convergence Insuffiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022586 · NEI · STATE COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY · PI SCHULMAN, ERICA · 2014 to 2018
$791k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022595 · NEI · SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY · PI COTTER, SUSAN ANNE · 2014 to 2018
$729k
The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022600 · NEI · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MED CTR OF AKRON · PI HERTLE, RICHARD W · 2014 to 2018
$693k
Convergence Infufficency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART)U10EY022592 · NEI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KULP, MARJEAN T · 2014 to 2018
$609k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022587 · NEI · SALUS UNIVERSITY · PI GALLAWAY, MICHAEL · 2014 to 2018
$577k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022596 · NEI · NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI COULTER, RACHEL ANASTASIA · 2014 to 2018
$513k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT)U10EY014676 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI TAMKINS, SUSANNA M · 2004 to 2007
$500k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial(CITT)U10EY014710 · NEI · STATE COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY · PI COOPER, JEFFREY S · 2004 to 2007
$484k
NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014659NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014676NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014706NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014709NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014710NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014712NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014713NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014715NEI NIH HHS U10 EY014716NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022586NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022587NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022591NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022592NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022594NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022595NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022596NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022599NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022600NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022601
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo report the change in the magnitude of near exodeviation in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial.

methodsA total of 131 children 9-14 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency classified as successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy at the 16-week outcome visit were included. Masked examiners measured the near ocular deviation by the prism and alternate cover test at baseline, primary outcome and 1-year post-treatment. The mean change in near deviation was calculated from baseline to primary outcome, from primary outcome to 1-year post-treatment and from baseline to 1-year post-treatment.

resultsOf the 131 participants successfully treated with vergence/accommodative therapy, 120 completed the 1-year post-treatment visit. A significant change in near exodeviation was observed at baseline to primary outcome (2.6Δ less exo, p < 0.001, moderate effect size d = 0.61) and at baseline to 1-year post-treatment (2.0Δ less exo; p < 0.001, small effect size d = 0.45). The change from primary outcome to 1-year post-treatment (0.6Δ more exo; p = 0.06, small effect size d = 0.11) was not significant. Forty per cent (48/120) of participants had a decrease in near exodeviation >3.5∆ (expected test/retest variability) between baseline and the primary outcome examination. Of the 120 participants, one (1.0%) was esophoric at the primary outcome and was subsequently exophoric at 1-year post-treatment. Four participants (3.3%) who were orthophoric or exophoric at the primary outcome were esophoric (all ≤3∆) at the 1-year post-treatment visit.

conclusionOn average, the near exodeviation was smaller in size immediately after the discontinuation of vergence/accommodative therapy (2.6∆, moderate effect size) and 1 year post vergence/accommodative therapy (2.0∆, small effect size) in children with convergence insufficiency who were successfully treated; 40% had a clinically meaningful decrease in exophoria. The development of near esophoria was rare.

Indexed as

Accommodation, OcularConvergence, OcularOcular Motility DisordersVision, BinocularAdolescentChildExotropiaEyeglassesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleOrthopticsTreatment OutcomeVisual Acuityconvergence insufficiencyheterophoriaorthopticsvergence/accommodative therapyvision therapy

Identifiers

PMID38619213
PMCPMC11188679
OpenAlexW4394809137

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.