ArticleIranian journal of child neurology2024
Effects of White Noise Sound on the Severity of Muscle Vaccination Pain in Children Under Two Years.
Article in Iranian journal of child neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychological Interventions for Reducing Distress During Vaccine Injections.The Clinical journal of pain · 2026Pooled it
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Pain and its control is a significant health problem worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the effects of white noise (bird sound) on the severity of muscle vaccination pain in children under two years old. Materials & Methods: This study was a case-control study conducted in 2021. The samples included seventy children under two years old referred to the health centers in Ramsar City, Iran. The samples were selected using the convenient sampling method and divided into experimental and control groups. The data were collected using the demographic characteristics questionnaire, facial expression, and pain assessment in pediatric patients (FLACC). They were then analyzed by SPSS16 using an independent t-test and analysis of covariance (P<0.05). Results: A significant difference was observed between the severity of muscle vaccination pain in children in the two groups (p=0.042); the pain intensity mean in the experimental group (6.45±2.01) was lower than the control group (8.94±1.28). Conclusion: This method can be a harmless and inexpensive intervention to reduce pain intensity and behavioral pain responses in infants during painful procedures, especially vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.