Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38615044›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

All-silicon multidimensionally-encoded optical physical unclonable functions for integrated circuit anti-counterfeiting.

Kun Wang, Jianwei Shi, Wenxuan Lai, Qiang He, Jun Xu, Zhenyi Ni, Xinfeng Liu, Xiaodong Pi, Deren Yang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Covert Optical Fingerprints Within Overt Structural Colors via Cascaded Cavity Resonances.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  9. Bio-Inspired Structural Color Irises as Physical Unclonable Functions for Anti-Counterfeiting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kun WangState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-5110-0153
Jianwei ShiCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
Wenxuan LaiState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0652-7156
Qiang HeState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
Jun XuSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering & National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
Zhenyi NiState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China. zyni@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-9182
Xinfeng LiuCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China. liuxf@nanoctr.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-7171
Xiaodong PiState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China. xdpi@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-6181
Deren YangState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China. mseyang@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Integrated circuit anti-counterfeiting based on optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) plays a crucial role in guaranteeing secure identification and authentication for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. While considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring optical PUFs, two critical challenges remain: incompatibility with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and limited information entropy. Here, we demonstrate all-silicon multidimensionally-encoded optical PUFs fabricated by integrating silicon (Si) metasurface and erbium-doped Si quantum dots (Er-Si QDs) with a CMOS-compatible procedure. Five in-situ optical responses have been manifested within a single pixel, rendering an ultrahigh information entropy of 2.32 bits/pixel. The position-dependent optical responses originate from the position-dependent radiation field and Purcell effect. Our evaluation highlights their potential in IoT security through advanced metrics like bit uniformity, similarity, intra- and inter-Hamming distance, false-acceptance and rejection rates, and encoding capacity. We finally demonstrate the implementation of efficient lightweight mutual authentication protocols for IoT applications by using the all-Si multidimensionally-encoded optical PUFs.

Identifiers

PMID38615044
PMCPMC11016093

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.