ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2024
The relationship between type, timing and duration of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self-harm and depression: findings from three UK prospective population-based cohorts.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Relationship Between School Bullying and Suicide-Related Behaviors Among Sexual Minorities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Type and developmental timing of childhood adversity predicts psychopathology symptoms in a South African birth cohort.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- The relationship between adverse childhood experience, resilience, and psychosocial well-being among undergraduates in Osun State, Nigeria.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Multiple trajectories of family adversity and poverty and adolescent self-harm and suicide attempts: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Association of duration and timing of household dysfunction with aggression: A Taiwan birth cohort study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- The effect of the "exposome" on developmental brain health and cognitive outcomes.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems in the ELSPAC-CZ cohort.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- The burden of anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders attributable to childhood maltreatment among adolescents in Africa: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Early Childhood Trauma in Humanitarian Crisis Settings: Factors and Effects (A Review).Discover mental health · 2025Review
- Trajectories of psychosocial functioning across maltreatment levels: A group-based modeling approach to resilience.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- The associations of childhood adversities and mental disorders with suicidal thoughts and behaviors - Results from the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative.Psychiatry research · 2025Article
- A framework for understanding adverse adolescent experiences.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- Young Carers in Early Childhood-How Are Young Carers Represented in Broader Literature and What Factors Influence Dominant Representations of Young Carers in Early Childhood in the UK?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Specific effects of distinct types of adverse childhood experiences on the co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents: a latent class analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Enduring memory consequences of early-life stress / adversity: Structural, synaptic, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Review
- Polygenic risk for epigenetic aging and adverse life experiences interact to predict growth in adolescent depression in a racially/ethnically diverse sample.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-established risk factors for self-harm and depression. However, despite their high comorbidity, there has been little focus on the impact of developmental timing and the duration of exposure to ACEs on co-occurring self-harm and depression.
methodsData were utilised from over 22,000 children and adolescents participating in three UK cohorts, followed up longitudinally for 14-18 years: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) and the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated associations between each ACE type and a four-category outcome: no self-harm or depression, self-harm alone, depression alone and self-harm with co-occurring depression. A structured life course modelling approach was used to examine whether the accumulation (duration) of exposure to each ACE, or a critical period (timing of ACEs) had the strongest effects on self-harm and depression in adolescence.
resultsThe majority of ACEs were associated with co-occurring self-harm and depression, with consistent findings across cohorts. The importance of timing and duration of ACEs differed across ACEs and across cohorts. For parental mental health problems, longer duration of exposure was strongly associated with co-occurring self-harm and depression in both ALSPAC (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10-1.25) and MCS (1.18, 1.11-1.26) cohorts. For other ACEs in ALSPAC, exposure in middle childhood was most strongly associated with co-occurring self-harm and depression, and ACE occurrence in early childhood and adolescence was more important in the MCS.
conclusionsEfforts to mitigate the impact of ACEs should start in early life with continued support throughout childhood, to prevent long-term exposure to ACEs contributing to risk of self-harm and depression in adolescence.
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