ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2024
The Effect of Salvianolic Acid A on Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization and Its Mechanisms in the Tumor Microenvironment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salvianolic acid monomers against metastasis: Decoding the multilayered interception of EMT, angiogenesis and immune evasion (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer & metabolism · 2026Article
- Metabolic symbiosis and competition: the dual nature of TAM-tumor cell cross-talk in tumor progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Anticancer effects of salvianolic acid A through multiple signaling pathways (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Integration of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine with nano-delivery systems for tumor immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity and Anticancer Potential of Water Extracts from In Vitro CultivatedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Macrophage subtypes inhibit breast cancer proliferation in culture.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Article
- Macrophage subtypes inhibit breast cancer proliferation in culture.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been identified as significant contributors to the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the secretion of various growth factors and chemokines. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) has been shown to have anti-cancer activities. However, the potential activity of SAA on re-polarized TAMs remains unclear. As there is a correlation between the TAMs and TNBC, this study investigates the effect of SAA on TAMs in the TNBC microenvironment. For that purpose, M2 TAM polarization was induced by two kinds of TNBC-conditioned medium (TNBC-TCM) in the absence or presence of SAA. The gene and protein expression of TAM markers were analyzed by qPCR, FCM, IF, ELISA, and Western blot. The protein expression levels of ERK and p-ERK in M2-like TAMs were analyzed by Western blot. The migration and invasion properties of M2-like TAMs were analyzed by Transwell assays. Here, we demonstrated that SAA increased the expression levels of CD86, IL-1β, and iNOS in M2-like TAMs and, conversely, decreased the expression levels of Arg-1 and CD206. Moreover, SAA inhibited the migration and invasion properties of M2-like TAMs effectively and decreased the protein expression of TGF-β1 and p-ERK in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as TGF-β1 gene expression and secretion. Our current findings for the first time demonstrated that SAA inhibits macrophage polarization to M2-like TAMs by inhibiting the ERK pathway and promotes M2-like TAM re-polarization to the M1 TAMs, which may exert its anti-tumor effect by regulating M1/M2 TAM polarization. These findings highlight SAA as a potential regulator of M2 TAMs and the possibility of utilizing SAA to reprogram M2 TAMs offers promising insights for the clinical management of TNBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.