ReviewPlants (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Hazelnut and Walnut Nutshell Features as Emerging Added-Value Byproducts of the Nut Industry: A Review.
Review in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhancing Food Quality Through Radio Frequency Drying of In-Shell Oil Crops: A Critical Review of Mechanisms, Advantages, and Challenges.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- From Agricultural Waste to Sustainable Adsorbent: Characterization of Hazelnut Shell Biochar and Its Performance in Waste Frying Oil Purification.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hazelnut Shell Biorefinery for Bioactive CMC Films: Sequential Polyphenol and Cellulose Recovery and Wax-Modulating Performance.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Asphalt Binder Modification with Hazelnut and Walnut Shells as Valued Antioxidant Sources: Effects on Rheological and Main Physicochemical Post-Oxidation Indicators.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Interaction of Hazelnut-Derived Polyphenols with Biodegradable Film Matrix: Structural, Barrier, and Functional Properties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sustainable Composites from Recycled Polypropylene and Hazelnut Shell Flour for Application in Irrigation Systems.Polymers · 2025Article
- Development of biochar adsorbents based on walnut shell with magnetic modification for efficient crude oil removal from water.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Utilizing Agro-Waste as Aggregate in Cement Composites: A Comprehensive Review of Properties, Global Trends, and Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Transforming Agricultural Waste from Mediterranean Fruits into Renewable Materials and Products with a Circular and Digital Approach.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Walnut Shell Pretreatment in Regard to Its Combustion Properties.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from nutshells for enhanced performance in dye-sensitized solar cells.RSC advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The hard-shelled seed industry plays an important role in the global agricultural economy. In fact, only considering hazelnut and walnut, the global nut supply is over 5.6 tons. As a result considerable amounts are produced year by year, burnt or discarded as waste, bypassing a potential source of valuable compounds or features. This review deals with the recent scientific literature on their chemical composition as well as functional applications as an approach to sustain the utilization of the main byproduct derived from industry. Indeed, nutshells have received great interest due to their lignin, antioxidant, physical and mechanical features. It was found that these properties vary among cultivars and localities of plantation, influencing physical and structural features. The inconsistencies regarding the above-mentioned properties of nutshells lead to exploring the status of hazelnut and walnut shell applications in sustainable bio-economy chains. In fact, in terms of potential applications, the state of the art links their use to the construction industry and the manufacture of materials, such as resin or plastic composites, particleboards or construction panels, or vital infrastructure and as a filler in cement pavements. However, their current use continues bypassing their great antioxidant potential and their interesting chemical and mechanical features.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.