ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2024
Treating BCG-Induced Cystitis with Combined Chondroitin and Hyaluronic Acid Instillations in Bladder Cancer.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of treatments for preventing lower urinary tract symptoms after BCG immunotherapy of bladder tumors : a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC urology · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of efficacy comparisons between standard- and low-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines in managing non-muscular invasive bladder cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapy for bladder spasm and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms associated with intravesical therapy for bladder cancer: a review of available evidence.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Review
- Hyaluronic acid as a treatment for refractoryBladder (San Francisco, Calif.) · 2025Review
- Peripheral Mechanisms Underlying Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Induced Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS).Brain sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) responders benefit from strong Th1-type inflammatory and T cell responses mediating tumor rejection. However, the corresponding lack of anti-inflammatory Th2-type immunity impairs tissue repair in the bladder wall and facilitates the development of cystitis, causing urinary pain, urgency, incontinence, and frequency. Mechanistically, the leakage of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer enables an influx of potassium ions, bacteria, and urine solutes towards the underlying bladder tissue, promoting chronic inflammation. Treatments directed towards re-establishing this mucopolysaccharide-based protective barrier are urgently needed. We discuss the pathomechanisms, as well as the therapeutic rationale of how chondroitin and hyaluronic acid instillations can reduce or prevent BCG-induced irritative bladder symptoms. Moreover, we present a case series of five patients with refractory BCG-induced cystitis successfully treated with combined chondroitin and hyaluronic acid instillations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.