SynthesisAge and ageing2024
Understanding the association between pain and delirium in older hospital inpatients: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Age and ageing, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07643792 (Fascia Iliaca Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine for Analgesia After Hip Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fascia Iliaca Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine for Analgesia After Hip Surgery: a Randomized Trial
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline for the Comprehensive Perioperative Management of Older Patients With Lung Cancer (2025).Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2026Guideline
- Non-pharmacological interventions for managing acute pain and delirium in hospitalized older patients: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Behavioural and psychological symptoms of people with dementia in acute hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Emergency Physician Perceptions and Experiences in Acute Pain Management: A Qualitative Interview Study.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Trauma as a critical condition in the very old: assessment, care pathways and outcome differences.European geriatric medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of Peripheral Nerve Block on Perioperative Recovery following Major Thoracic and Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Propensity-score Matching.Annals of surgery · 2026Article
- The effect of early postoperative acute pain on postoperative delirium in older persons undergoing abdominal surgery: a secondary analysis of multicenter prospective data.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Perioperative virtual reality and neuropsychiatric outcomes: a scoping review.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Measuring unfinished nursing care in patients with or at risk for delirium: a development and Delphi study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Review
- Digital Pain Assessment: Patient and Family Perspectives.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- The Influence of Pharmacological Agents Used During General Anesthesia on the Intensity of Postoperative Pain and the Occurrence of Post-Anesthetic Delirium-A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Pharmacological Management of Delirium in Older Adults in the Emergency Department: Clinical Outcomes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevention and Treatment of Postsurgical Pain: Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions Across the Surgical Continuum.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2026Review
- A novel nomogram for predicting subsyndromal delirium in critically ill patients with diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association Between Postoperative Pain Intensity and Delirium in Cardiac and Neurosurgical Patients: A Retrospective Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- What's behind delirium: is there a specific role for medications?European geriatric medicine · 2025Review
- From Resuscitation to Rehabilitation: The Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Continuum in Sepsis Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Far from being the end of the road: taking a closer look at neuropalliative care in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Benefits of No-Lift Care in Older Adults With Dementia: Improvement in Contractures, Sleep Quality, and Psychosocial Function.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDelirium and pain are common in older adults admitted to hospital. The relationship between these is unclear, but clinically important. We aimed to systematically review the association between pain (at rest, movement, pain severity) and delirium in this population.
methodsPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched (January 1982-November 2022) for Medical Subject Heading terms and synonyms ('Pain', 'Analgesic', 'Delirium'). Study eligibility: (1) validated pain measure as exposure, (2) validated delirium tool as an outcome; participant eligibility: (1) medical or surgical (planned/unplanned) inpatients, (2) admission length ≥ 48 h and (3) median cohort age over 65 years. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. We collected/calculated odds ratios (ORs) for categorical data and standard mean differences (SMDs) for continuous data and conducted multi-level random-intercepts meta-regression models. This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO [18/5/2020] (CRD42020181346).
resultsThirty studies were selected: 14 reported categorical data; 16 reported continuous data. Delirium prevalence ranged from 2.2 to 55%. In the multi-level analysis, pain at rest (OR 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39-3.30), movement (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.66-2.56), pain categorised as 'severe' (OR 3.42; 95% CI 2.09-5.59) and increased pain severity when measured continuously (SMD 0.33; 95% CI 0.08-0.59) were associated with an increased delirium risk. There was substantial heterogeneity in both categorical (I2 = 0%-77%) and continuous analyses (I2 = 85%).
conclusionAn increase in pain was associated with a higher risk of developing delirium. Adequate pain management with appropriate analgesia may reduce incidence and severity of delirium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.