ArticleBMC public health2024
Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease incidence and all-cause mortality: the modifying role of diet quality.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiac Function and Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Mortality and morbidity burden associated with smoking: evidence from a 1.6 million cohort in Hong Kong.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Dyslipidemia in HIV-Positive Patients at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Article
- Who Likes Sweets? Sweet Patterns: Influence of Sex, Age, Body Mass Index, Smoking and Olfactory Efficiency on the Consumption of Sweet Products.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Plant-Based Diets and Cardiometabolic Diseases in a Cohort of Iranian Adults: A Systematic Review of Evidence from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Integrating Food Preference Profiling, Behavior Change Strategies, and Machine Learning for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in a Personalized Nutrition Digital Health Intervention: Conceptual Pipeline Development and Proof-of-Principle Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- The Role of Behavioral Factors on Chronic Diseases-Practice and Knowledge Gaps.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's Disease as Type 3 Diabetes: Understanding the Link and Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Population-Level Distribution, Risk Factors, and Burden of Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years Attributable to Major Noncommunicable Diseases in Western Europe (1990-2021): Ecological Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Impact of global smoking prevalence on mortality: a study across income groups.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Dietary Patterns among Smokers and Non-Smokers: Findings from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The interaction between diet quality and cigarette smoking on the incidence of hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study examines the potential long-term joint association between smoking and diet quality as modifiable risk factors concerning cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) incidence and all-cause mortality among current and former smokers.
methodsThe study followed 955 smokers from the third and fourth examinations of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study to March 2018. Dietary data was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Three diet quality indices (DQIs) were computed at baseline: DQI-international (DQI-I), DQI-revised (DQI-R), and Mediterranean-DQI (Med-DQI). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the HR (95% CI) of the joint association between smoking and diet quality among heavy and light smokers, based on the number of cigarettes per day and pack-years, as well as between current and former smokers based on smoking habits.
resultsOver a follow-up period of almost eight years, 94 cases of CVDs (9.80%) and 40 cases of mortality (4.20%) were documented. The lower diet quality based on the Med-DQI was associated with a higher risk of mortality among current smokers (HR:3.45; 95%CI:1.12, 10.57). Light smokers with good diet quality, compared to heavy smokers with poor diet quality, had a lower risk of CVDs incident (HR:0.35; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.83) and all-cause mortality (HR:0.20; 95%CI:0.05, 0.77). Current smokers with good DQI had a lower risk of mortality compared to current smokers with poor DQI (HR:0.26; 95%CI:0.08, 0.80). However, this lower risk was more significant in former smokers with good DQI (HR:0.10; 95%CI:0.02, 0.45).
conclusionsLight and former smokers had a lower risk of developing CVDs and experiencing mortality. However, when coupled with a high-quality diet, this protective effect is even more pronounced.
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