ArticleDiabetes2024
The Early Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Attenuation by Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors.
Article in Diabetes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and injection burden in mild diabetic macular edema: An exploratory post hoc analysis of the COMET trial.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Trial
- Blood Pressure Status Modulates the Therapeutic Response to Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of the COMET Trial.Journal of diabetes · 2025Trial
- Ranibizumab with luseogliflozin in type 2 diabetes with diabetic macular oedema: A randomised clinical trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Multimodal Retinal Structural and Functional Tests Identify Local and Layer-Related Alterations in Early Type 2 Diabetes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Association of SGLT2 Inhibitor With Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes With Diabetic Retinopathy: A Multicenter Electronic Health Record Data Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Aberrant STING signalling promotes endothelial dysfunction and neurovascular injury in diabetic retinopathy.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Bumetanide‑blocked SLC12A2 exerts a protective effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Diabetes and its complications: molecular mechanisms, prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- SGLT2 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy progression: evidence from a retrospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Effect of RAS inhibitors on retinal microvasculature in DKD using AI-based ultra-wide-field images.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic and renal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: An Emerging Therapeutic Approach for Ischemic Stroke Management.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- What do You Need to Know after Diabetes and before Diabetic Retinopathy?Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Volumetric Measures of Capillary Nonperfusion on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Detect Early Ischemia in Diabetes Without Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- SGLT2 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy: Insights from the management of nephropathy.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Antibody-based therapeutics and therapeutic development for diabetic retinopathy: targeting VEGF, Ang/Tie, and inflammatory pathways.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The novel antidiabetic medications on diabetic retinopathy: relevant molecular mechanisms, advancing diagnostic innovations, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Interleukin-4 prevents increased endothelial permeability by inducing pericyte survival and modulating microglial responses in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Diabetes Renders Photoreceptors Susceptible to Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy Between Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan: A Retrospective Analysis of Real-World Data.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The early pathogenetic mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its treatment remain unclear. Therefore, we used streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice to investigate the early pathogenic alterations in DR and the protective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors against these alterations. Retinal vascular leakage was assessed by dextran fluorescence angiography. Retinal thickness and vascular leakage were increased 2 and 4 weeks after onset of diabetes, respectively. Immunostaining showed that morphological change of microglia (amoeboid form) was observed at 2 weeks. Subsequently, increased angiopoietin-2 expression, simultaneous loss of pericytes and endothelial cells, decreased vessel density, retinal hypoxia, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF receptor system occurred at 4 weeks. SGLT2 inhibitors (luseogliflozin and ipragliflozin) had a significant protective effect on retinal vascular leakage and retinal thickness at a low dose that did not show glucose-lowering effects. Furthermore, both inhibitors at this dose attenuated microglia morphological changes and these early pathogenic alterations in DR. In vitro study showed both inhibitors attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of primary microglia, along with morphological changes toward an inactive form, suggesting the direct inhibitory effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on microglia. In summary, SGLT2 inhibitors may directly prevent early pathogenic mechanisms, thereby potentially playing a role in preventing DR. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS:
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.