ArticleAIDS (London, England)2024
Plasma galectin-9 relates to cognitive performance and inflammation among adolescents with vertically acquired HIV.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Galectin-8 binds HIV envelope glycoproteins with high affinity and promotes viral infectivity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- A Longitudinal Study of Baseline Fatty Acid Concentrations and Executive Function Over 12 Months Among Adolescents With and Without Perinatal HIV Exposure or Infection From Kampala, Uganda.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Integrated immune, hormonal, and transcriptomic profiling reveals sex-specific dysregulation in long COVID patients with ME/CFS.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Association of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity with Persistent Immune Activation in HIV/Tuberculosis Co-Infected Patients.Reports (MDPI) · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of galectin-9 and artemin as biomarkers in long COVID with chronic fatigue syndrome: links to inflammation and cognitive function.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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22 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAdolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (AWH) are at an increased risk of poor cognitive development yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Circulating galectin-9 (Gal-9) has been associated with increased inflammation and multimorbidity in adults with HIV despite antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, the relationship between Gal-9 in AWH and cognition remain unexplored.
designA cross-sectional study of two independent age-matched cohorts from India [AWH on ART ( n = 15), ART-naive ( n = 15), and adolescents without HIV (AWOH; n = 10)] and Myanmar [AWH on ART ( n = 54) and AWOH ( n = 22)] were studied. Adolescents from Myanmar underwent standardized cognitive tests.
methodsPlasma Gal-9 and soluble mediators were measured by immunoassays and cellular immune markers by flow cytometry. We used Mann-Whitney U tests to determine group-wise differences, Spearman's correlation for associations and machine learning to identify a classifier of cognitive status (impaired vs. unimpaired) built from clinical (age, sex, HIV status) and immunological markers.
resultsGal-9 levels were elevated in ART-treated AWH compared with AWOH in both cohorts (all P < 0.05). Higher Gal-9 in AWH correlated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators (sCD14, TNFα, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-10) and activated CD8 + T cells (all P < 0.05). Irrespective of HIV status, higher Gal-9 levels correlated with lower cognitive test scores in multiple domains [verbal learning, visuospatial learning, memory, motor skills (all P < 0.05)]. ML classification identified Gal-9, CTLA-4, HVEM, and TIM-3 as significant predictors of cognitive deficits in adolescents [mean area under the curve (AUC) = 0.837].
conclusionOur results highlight a potential role of Gal-9 as a biomarker of inflammation and cognitive health among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV.
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