ArticleSmall methods2024
Charge-Reversed Exosomes for Targeted Gene Delivery to Cartilage for Osteoarthritis Treatment.
Article in Small methods, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosomes as Cellular Communicators and Therapeutic Agents in Orthopedic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Intervention.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- A Chemical Framework for Engineering Extracellular Vesicles' Biointerface to Advance Precision Therapeutics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Cartilage targeted grape skin-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate osteoarthritis by attenuating chondrocyte senescence.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Osteoarthritis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Osteoarthritis: From Pathogenic Mediators to Engineered Therapeutics in a Precision Medicine Roadmap.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles as bioactive materials: Integrating engineering strategies for cargo loading and targeted delivery systems.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Peptide-based targeted drug delivery strategies for osteoarthritis treatment.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Engineered cationic Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist outperforms anakinra at joint retention and preventing IL-1-induced cartilage inflammation.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2026Article
- Osteoarthritis: molecular pathogenesis and potential therapeutic options.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Targeting mitochondrial quality control in osteoarthritis with GrpE-like 1-loaded synovial mesenchymal stromal/stem cell small extracellular vesicles.World journal of stem cells · 2026Article
- Exosomes: Roles and Therapeutic Potential in Pain.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Potential crosstalk between ferroptosis and immunosenescence in osteoarthritis: evidence integration and translational insights from the osteoimmune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosome-Based Cartilage-Targeted Delivery System: Strategies and Applications.Small science · 2026Review
- Stem Cell and Cell-Free Strategies for Osteoarthritis: Toward Durable Regenerative Therapies.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- What's next for osteoarthritis gene therapy?Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles for knee osteoarthritis: clinical application, mechanism exploration and prospect.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Extended osteoarthritis pain relief with neosaxitoxin using alginate-core polymeric microparticles.Nanoscale · 2025Article
- Spatial charge-hydrophobicity configuration modulates cationic peptide transport in cartilage.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Cationic Peptoids for Systemic In Vivo Cartilage-Targeting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Exosomes in Osteoarthritis: Breakthrough Innovations and Advanced Tissue Engineering for Cartilage Regeneration Since 2020.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gene therapy has the potential to facilitate targeted expression of therapeutic proteins to promote cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). The dense, avascular, aggrecan-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) rich negatively charged cartilage, however, hinders their transport to reach chondrocytes in effective doses. While viral vector mediated gene delivery has shown promise, concerns over immunogenicity and tumorigenic side-effects persist. To address these issues, this study develops surface-modified cartilage-targeting exosomes as non-viral carriers for gene therapy. Charge-reversed cationic exosomes are engineered for mRNA delivery by anchoring cartilage targeting optimally charged arginine-rich cationic motifs into the anionic exosome bilayer by using buffer pH as a charge-reversal switch. Cationic exosomes penetrated through the full-thickness of early-stage arthritic human cartilage owing to weak-reversible ionic binding with GAGs and efficiently delivered the encapsulated eGFP mRNA to chondrocytes residing in tissue deep layers, while unmodified anionic exosomes do not. When intra-articularly injected into destabilized medial meniscus mice knees with early-stage OA, mRNA loaded charge-reversed exosomes overcame joint clearance and rapidly penetrated into cartilage, creating an intra-tissue depot and efficiently expressing eGFP; native exosomes remained unsuccessful. Cationic exosomes thus hold strong translational potential as a platform technology for cartilage-targeted non-viral delivery of any relevant mRNA targets for OA treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.