Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38607474›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025

Factors Associated with Confirmed and Unconfirmed Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Children Volunteering for Research.

Susanne W Duvall, Rachel K Greene, Randi Phelps, Tara M Rutter, Sheila Markwardt, Julia Grieser Painter, Michaela Cordova, Beth Calame, Olivia Doyle, Joel T Nigg and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Psychiatric diagnosis on the edge: is there evidence of benefit?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Pathways to autism diagnosis in adulthood.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Susanne W DuvallDepartments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Institute on Development and Disability, Center for Development and Child Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 707 SW Gaines St, Portland, OR, 98239, USA. duvall@ohsu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-6555
Rachel K GreeneDepartments of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, Center for Development and Child Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 707 SW Gaines St, Portland, OR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5368-6120
Randi PhelpsStaff Psychologist in the Division of Psychology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1160-3734
Tara M RutterDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Rd, Portland, OR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3080-1074
Sheila MarkwardtBiostatistician III, Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Rd, Portland, OR, 97217, USA.
Julia Grieser PainterDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Rd, Portland, OR, USA.
Michaela CordovaSan Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-5159
Beth CalameDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Rd, Portland, OR, USA.
Olivia DoyleDepartment of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Rd, Portland, OR, 97217, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-2949
Joel T NiggDepartment of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0003-3024
Eric FombonneDepartment of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-3538
Damien FairCollege of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School University of Minnesota, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Professor, Institute of Child Development, 2025 E. River Parkway 7962A, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-393X
Oregon Health & Science University · USSan Diego State University · USUniversity of Arizona · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

Identification of outcome-based sub-populations using deep phenotyping and precision functional mapping across ADHD and ASDR01MH096773 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI DOSENBACH, NICO, FAIR, DAMIEN A · 2012 to 2024
$9.4M
Functional Circuits as an Endophenotype for ADHD in ChildrenR00MH091238 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI FAIR, DAMIEN A · 2011 to 2013
$723k
NIMH NIH HHS R00MH091238NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096773School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University 11.2020Simons Foundation 177894
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDiagnostic accuracy of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial to track and characterize ASD, as well as to guide appropriate interventions at the individual level. However, under-diagnosis, over-diagnosis, and misdiagnosis of ASD are still prevalent.

methodsWe describe 232 children (M

results47% of children with community-based ASD diagnoses did not meet ASD criteria by expert consensus. ASD + and ASD- groups did not differ in age, gender, ethnicity, or racial make-up. The ASD + group was more likely to have a history of early language delays compared to the ASD- group; however, no group differences in current functional language use were reported by caregivers. The ASD + group scored significantly higher on ADI-R scores and on the ADOS-2 algorithm composite scores and calibrated severity scores (CSSs). The ASD- group attained higher estimated IQ scores and higher rates of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorder, disruptive behavior, and mood disorder diagnoses. Broadly, caregiver questionnaires (SRS-2, CCC-2) did not differentiate groups.

conclusionIncreased reported psychiatric disorders in the ASD- group suggests psychiatric complexity may contribute to community misdiagnosis and possible overdiagnosis of ASD. Clinician-mediated tools (ADI-R, ADOS-2) differentiated ASD + versus ASD- groups, whereas caregiver-reported questionnaires did not.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderDiagnostic ErrorsAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleAccuracyAutism spectrum disorderCommunity-based diagnosisComorbidityDiagnosis

Identifiers

PMID38607474
OpenAlexW4394762224

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.