ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2024
Phased Assembly of Neo-Sex Chromosomes Reveals Extensive Y Degeneration and Rapid Genome Evolution in Rumex hastatulus.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- An X-linked sex determination mechanism in cannabis and hop.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A chromosome level genome assembly of the marine flowering plant, Torrey's surfgrass (Phyllospadix Torreyi) reveals an exceptionally large Y-chromosome.The Journal of heredity · 2026Article
- Recombination suppression in plant adaptation and speciation.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Whole-genome sequencing reveals a possible molecular basis of sex determination in the dioecious wild yam Dioscorea tokoro.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Understanding the evolution of giant Y chromosomes and sex determination mechanisms in plants.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- The tortured past of young polymorphic sex chromosomes revealed through multiplebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genomic studies in Linum shed light on the evolution of the distyly supergene and the molecular basis of convergent floral evolution.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Dynamic patterns of repeats and retrotransposons in the centromeres of Humulus lupulus L.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- The Tree of Sex consortium: a global initiative for studying the evolution of reproduction in eukaryotes.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2025Article
- Testing for the Genomic Footprint of Conflict Between Life Stages in an Angiosperm and Moss Species.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- An X-linked sex determination mechanism in cannabis and hop.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Extensive Recombination Suppression and Genetic Degeneration of a Young ZW Sex Chromosome System in Halfbeak Fish.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- The evolution of separate sexes in waterhemp is associated with surprising chromosomal diversity and complexity.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Sex chromosome evolution in haploid plants: Microchromosomes, disappearing chromosomes, and giant chromosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Review
- Phylogenomics resolves key relationships inEvolution letters · 2025Article
- Hiding in plain sight: the Y chromosome and its reinvigorated role in evolutionary processes.Evolution letters · 2025Article
- Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae family.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Article
- ZW sex chromosome structure in Amborella trichopoda.Nature plants · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Y chromosomes are thought to undergo progressive degeneration due to stepwise loss of recombination and subsequent reduction in selection efficiency. However, the timescales and evolutionary forces driving degeneration remain unclear. To investigate the evolution of sex chromosomes on multiple timescales, we generated a high-quality phased genome assembly of the massive older (<10 MYA) and neo (<200,000 yr) sex chromosomes in the XYY cytotype of the dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus and a hermaphroditic outgroup Rumex salicifolius. Our assemblies, supported by fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that the neo-sex chromosomes were formed by two key events: an X-autosome fusion and a reciprocal translocation between the homologous autosome and the Y chromosome. The enormous sex-linked regions of the X (296 Mb) and two Y chromosomes (503 Mb) both evolved from large repeat-rich genomic regions with low recombination; however, the complete loss of recombination on the Y still led to over 30% gene loss and major rearrangements. In the older sex-linked region, there has been a significant increase in transposable element abundance, even into and near genes. In the neo-sex-linked regions, we observed evidence of extensive rearrangements without gene degeneration and loss. Overall, we inferred significant degeneration during the first 10 million years of Y chromosome evolution but not on very short timescales. Our results indicate that even when sex chromosomes emerge from repetitive regions of already-low recombination, the complete loss of recombination on the Y chromosome still leads to a substantial increase in repetitive element content and gene degeneration.
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