ArticleAfrican journal of infectious diseases2024
MODIFIABLE AND NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR TUBERCULOSIS AMONG ADULTS IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.
Article in African journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expanding the Frontiers of Tuberculosis Prevention: Moving from Targeted Preventive Therapy to Integrated Public Health Strategies.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Article
- SPATIAL MODELING OF RISK FACTORS FOR UNDER-FIVE PNEUMONIA IN ROKAN HILIR DISTRICT, INDONESIA.African journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- FAMILY SUPPORT, MOTIVATION, AND PATIENT ADHERENCE TO TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT: INSIGHTS FROM INDONESIA.African journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A scoping review about smoking, smoking cessation and their effects on anti-tuberculosis agents: insights into drug metabolisms, safety, and effectiveness.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- MEAN DIFFERENCE OF ZINC AND SELENIUM LEVELS AND TUBERCULOSIS OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN RECEIVING TREATMENT IN INDONESIA.African journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Controlling tuberculosis (TB) determinant factors in Indonesia is one way to control TB in the community. A review is needed to explore risk factors for TB in Indonesia as the key strategies for accelerating the TB preventive program.The purpose of this review was to determine modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for TB among adults in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis was undertaken to review current studies related to modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for TB among adults in Indonesia. A search of PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar for related articles published (January 2000 until December 2023). The Pooled Odds Ratio (POR) from the acquired data were calculated with a 95% CI. The fixed and random effects analysis was performed. The results were presented as forest plots, and Begg's test and Egger's test were used to examine study bias. Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 and Stata 14.2 were used to process and analyze all of the data. Results: This study results revealed the POR of non-modifiable risk factor (family history of TB) for TB among adults in Indonesia was 6.08 (95% CI 2.99-12.34). Based on modifiable risk factors, it is known that household contact have the highest POR (6.01, 2.57-14.04), followed by malnutrition (5.86, 2.50-13.69), inappropriate ventilation (5.57, 1.74-17.86), diabetes mellitus (4.92, 3.04-7.96), smoking behavior (3.24, 2.22-4.72), and low-income level (2.34, 1.42-3.87). Conclusion: Based on significant factors that are related to TB incidence, the results of this review may be valuable to the government in identifying the optimal strategy for TB prevention among adults.
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Registered trials
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