ArticleHuman resources for health2024
The impact of incentive scheme on rural healthcare workforce availability: a case study of Kazakhstan.
Article in Human resources for health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between medical education reforms and trends in the ophthalmology workforce and cataract surgery performance in Kazakhstan.Human resources for health · 2026Article
- Nursing workforce trends in Kazakhstan, 2003-2024: an interrupted time series and joinpoint regression analysis in the context of educational reform.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Inequality in the Distribution and Utilization of Healthcare Resources in Kazakhstan (2002-2023): A Spatiotemporal Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Characteristics and Distribution of Radiologists in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on National Data.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Past, current status, and future trends of the rural healthcare network in the Republic of Kazakhstan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Healthcare Reforms on the Epidemiology Workforce in Kazakhstan: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis with Predictive Modeling of Nationwide Data Sources from 1998 to 2022.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing women's access to healthcare in rural regions: Global innovations and solutions.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDuring the 1990-2000, Kazakhstan experienced a decline in the number of healthcare professionals working in rural areas. Since 2009, the national government has been implementing financial incentives to encourage healthcare professionals to relocate to rural areas. This study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns in the distribution of the rural healthcare workforce and evaluate the impact of this incentive scheme.
methodsInterrupted Time Series Analysis using ARIMA models and Difference in Differences analyzes were conducted to examine the impact of the incentive scheme on the density of different categories of the healthcare workforce in rural Kazakhstan in the period from 2009 to 2020.
resultsThere was a significant increase in the number of rural healthcare professionals from 2009 to 2020 in comparison to the period from 1998 to 2008. However, this increase was less pronounced in per capita terms. Moreover, a decline in the density of internists and pediatricians was observed. There is substantial variation in the density of rural nurses and physicians across different regions of Kazakhstan. The incentive scheme introduced in 2009 by the government of Kazakhstan included a one-time allowance and housing incentive. This scheme was found to have contributed insignificantly to the observed increase in the number of rural healthcare professionals.
conclusionFuture research should be undertaken to examine the impact made by the incentive scheme on other medical subspecialties, particularly primary practitioners. Addressing the shortage of healthcare workers in rural areas is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach. Aside from financial incentives, other policies could be considered to increase relocation and improve the retention of healthcare professionals in rural areas.
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