ReviewCancer pathogenesis and therapy2024
Theories behind Bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and update on current management.
Review in Cancer pathogenesis and therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mortality risk in patients with urological malignancies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- BCG Induces PD-1 Upregulation on Circulating CD8Oncology research · 2026Article
- Complement tumor-crosstalk: the role of C5a receptors in urothelial carcinomas.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- On the Horizon: A Global Multidisciplinary Perspective on Delivering Emerging Therapies for Patients with BCG-Naïve High-Risk NMIBC.Oncology and therapy · 2025Article
- Long-term efficacy of two sequential induction courses of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- Connecting scientists and oncologists for advances.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Article
- Clinical utility of liquid biopsy in bladder cancer: The beginning of a new era.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2024Review
- Biomarker-guided selection of intravesical therapy in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A contemporary review.Therapeutic advances in urologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bladder cancer encapsulates a wide spectrum of disease severities, with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) representing an entirely different entity from muscle-invasive disease. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the most successful intravesical treatment methods for patients diagnosed. However, a considerable proportion of patients fail to respond to BCG treatment. Given the propensity for recurrence in patients with high-risk bladder cancer, these patients present with surgical dilemmas. There is currently no gold standard for salvage treatment post-BCG failure or unified definition as to what that means. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of BCG, potential theories behind BCG failure, and the scope of novel treatments for this surgical conundrum.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.