ArticleJournal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
Social Support Is Protective Against the Effects of Discrimination on Parental Mental Health Outcomes.
Article in Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Discrimination, social support, and mental health in reproductive-aged women: the All of Us research program.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Adult children migration and perceived discrimination among Indian older adults: evidence from longitudinal ageing study in India.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Everyday Discrimination in Young Adulthood and Depressive Symptoms at Early Midlife: The Moderating Role of Parent-Child Relationships.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiscrimination, or unfair treatment based on individual characteristics such as gender, race, skin color, and or sexual orientation, is a pervasive social stressor that perpetuates health disparities by limiting social and economic opportunity and is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes.
aimsThe purpose of the present study is to (1) examine the association between maternal experiences of discrimination and paternal experiences of discrimination; (2) explore how discrimination relates to parental (maternal and paternal) stress and depressive symptoms; and (3) examine whether social support exerts protective effects.
methodsThe sample was 2,510 mothers and 1,249 fathers from the Child Community Health Network study. Linear regression models were conducted to explore associations between maternal and paternal discrimination. In addition, mediation analyses were conducted to explore if social support functioned as a mediator between discrimination on parental stress and depressive symptoms.
resultsMost mothers (40.3%) and fathers (50.7%) identified race as the predominant reason for discrimination. Experiencing discrimination was significantly related to stress and depressive symptoms for both parents, and all forms of social support mediated these relationships. Our findings suggest that social support can act as a protective factor against the negative association between discrimination and both stress and depressive symptoms.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the need to integrate social support into existing interventions and include fathers in mental health screenings in primary-care settings. Finally, we briefly describe the role of nurses and other allied health professionals in addressing discrimination in health care and health policy implications.
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