ArticleBMC microbiology2024
Characterization of genes related to the efflux pump and porin in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with COVID-19 after secondary infection.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular basis of ampicillin resistance: combinatorial mechanisms and future strategies.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- High levels of miR-146a-5p in COVID-19 patients are associated withFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrons and Efflux Pump-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- ESBL-ProducingVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Detection of AcrAB efflux pump mediated ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Nepal.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Safety Assessment ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- The A226D Mutation of OmpC Leads to Increased Susceptibility to β-Lactam Antibiotics inBiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEscherichia coli (E. coli) is a multidrug resistant opportunistic pathogen that can cause secondary bacterial infections in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli as a secondary bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19 and to assess the prevalence and characterization of genes related to efflux pumps and porin.
methodsA total of 50 nonduplicate E. coli isolates were collected as secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients. The isolates were cultured from sputum samples. Confirmation and antibiotic susceptibility testing were conducted by Vitek 2. PCR was used to assess the prevalence of the efflux pump and porin-related genes in the isolates. The phenotypic and genotypic evolution of antibiotic resistance genes related to the efflux pump was evaluated.
resultsThe E. coli isolates demonstrated high resistance to ampicillin (100%), cefixime (62%), cefepime (62%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (60%), cefuroxime (60%), and ceftriaxone (58%). The susceptibility of E. coli to ertapenem was greatest (92%), followed by imipenem (88%), meropenem (86%), tigecycline (80%), and levofloxacin (76%). Regarding efflux pump gene combinations, there was a significant association between the acrA gene and increased resistance to levofloxacin, between the acrB gene and decreased resistance to meropenem and increased resistance to levofloxacin, and between the ompF and ompC genes and increased resistance to gentamicin.
conclusionsThe antibiotics ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, and levofloxacin were effective against E. coli in patients with COVID-19. Genes encoding efflux pumps and porins, such as acrA, acrB, and outer membrane porins, were highly distributed among all the isolates. Efflux pump inhibitors could be alternative antibiotics for restoring tetracycline activity in E. coli isolates.
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