ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Modeling of brain efflux: Constraints of brain surfaces.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cochlear Aqueduct Advection and Diffusion Inferred from Computed Tomography Imaging with a Bayesian Approach.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2026Article
- Infection control in the brain and the eye.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- New integrated three-interface conceptual model for clearance and immune surveillance in the human CNS.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Dynamics of brain valves: ostensible rectification mechanisms for cerebrospinal fluid flow.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Advection and diffusion in perivascular and extracellular spaces in the brain.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Estimation of fluid flow velocities in cortical brain tissue driven by the microvasculature.Interface focus · 2025Article
- Blood osmolytes such as sugar can drive brain fluid flows in a poroelastic model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluid efflux from the brain plays an important role in solute waste clearance. Current experimental approaches provide little spatial information, and data collection is limited due to short duration or low frequency of sampling. One approach shows tracer efflux to be independent of molecular size, indicating bulk flow, yet also decelerating like simple membrane diffusion. In an apparent contradiction to this report, other studies point to tracer efflux acceleration. We here develop a one-dimensional advection-diffusion model to gain insight into brain efflux principles. The model is characterized by nine physiological constants and three efflux parameters for which we quantify prior uncertainty. Using Bayes' rule and the two efflux studies, we validate the model and calculate data-informed parameter distributions. The apparent contradictions in the efflux studies are resolved by brain surface boundaries being bottlenecks for efflux. To critically test the model, a custom MRI efflux assay measuring solute dispersion in tissue and release to cerebrospinal fluid was employed. The model passed the test with tissue bulk flow velocities in the range 60 to 190 [Formula: see text]m/h. Dimensional analysis identified three principal determinants of efflux, highlighting brain surfaces as a restricting factor for metabolite solute clearance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.